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text 3 gene therapy and gene based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. but there will be others as well. here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years. while it’s true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human， most of those instructions are inactivated， and with good reason： the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. the only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy， when socalled stem cells haven’t begun to specialize it was incredibly difficult， but last fall scientists at the university of wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural， gut， muscle and bone cells. the process still can’t be controlled， and may have unforeseen limitations； but if efforts to understand and master stemcell development prove successful， doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power. the same applies to cloning， which is really just the other side of the coin； true cloning， as first shown with the sheep dolly two years ago， involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within， resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. once that happens， the rejuvenated cell can develop into a fullfledged animal， genetically identical to its parent. for agriculture， in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value， biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. this past year scientists have done for mice and cows what ian wilmut did for dolly， and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year. human cloning， on the other hand， may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. still， one day it will happen. the ability to reset body cells to a pristine， undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells： the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts， and thus to cure disease. that could prove to be a true “miracle cure.” 31.the writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will [a] aggravate moral issues of human cloning [b] bring great benefits to human beings [c] help scientists decode body instructions [d] involve employing surgical instruments 32.the word “rejuvenated” （para. 5） most probably means [a] modified[b] recollected[c] classified[d] reactivated 33.the research at the university of wisconsin is mentioned to show [a] the isolation of stem cells [b] the effects of gene therapies [c] the advantages of human cloning [d] the limitations of tissue replacements 34.which of the following is true according to the text？ [a] the principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning. [b] the isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible. [c] it is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated. [d] cloned animals will eventually take control of the world. 35.towards the genetic research， the author’s attitude can best be said to be that of [a] frustration [b] indifference[c] amazement[d] opposition text 4 nancy casey was born in chicago， illinois， and left when she was three years old. her family moved to iowa and lived on 900 acres of farmland， where nancy trained horses and ponies and helped raise all kinds of farm animals. nancy loved animals then， and still has a big place in her heart for them. she currently has two siamese cats， misha and iman. at sixteen years old， nancy’s family moved to california and nancy became a big city girl. the public was very aware at the uncanny resemblance between the two divas， and nancy was discovered as liz at age eighteen. in high school， nancy was quite popular. she was a cheerleader， a school princess， she took tap， jazz， ballet and played basketball. her junior year， she met her high school sweetheart and was married a year after graduation. at the time， she was offered a screen test from warner brothers films， but nancy decided marriage was the more important choice. [an error occurred while processing this directive] in 1988， a friend of nancy’s suggested that she send in her photo to a celebrity lookalike agent. she was immediately called as liz for corporate functions. the timing couldn’t have been more perfect. at the time， liz was in the public eye with a new fragrance， book and husband. work poured in for nancy. nancy does not mistake her own identity and that of her character liz. since nancy has looked like elizabeth taylor her whole life， she has become accustomed to being stared at， or mistaken for the star. however， nancy says that working as a lookalike has given her the opportunity to feel what it must be like to be a celebrity for a day. lookalike work has also helped her to play the role. working in this field has brought many new and wonderful things to nancy’s life. she is grateful to the friends she has met， places she has traveled to and the opportunity to get a glimpse into the entertainment world of film， television and performing. nancy recalls the time she met her inspiration. she’s a true survivor， her compassion for others in need， her loyalty， her unique and full life while always in the public eye and her ability to cope with judgment and scrutiny， is amazing， to say the least. i have met her briefly and found her to be very earthy， with a great sense of humor. she’s a very tiny woman for the great amount of clout and power that she possesses. nancy feels her similarities to elizabeth are a gift. nancy has worked almost fulltime as a celebrity lookalike for film， television， print， commercials and on the corporate circuit. as a professional actress she has appeared on numerous television shows such as the joan rivers show， entertainment tonight， dream on， hard copy and inside edition. her film credits include dave， postcards from the edge， sister act h and repossessed. P=Ic ~YO+,ry2U n[ 本_资_料_来_源_于_贵_州_学_习_网 考研一方考研英语 Http://wwW.gzU521.coM )P=Ic ~YO+,ry2U n 36.it can be known from this passage that nancy ［a］ changed her name ［b］ misses the horses on the iowa farmland ［c］ has two cats with similar looks ［d］ has a strong affection for animals 37.which of the following is true according to the passage？ ［a］ nancy once turned down a film producer’s invitation. ［b］ nancy regards marriage the most important thing. ［c］ nancy never engages herself in advertising. ［d］ nancy wrote an autobiography. 38.it can be inferred from the passage that taylor ［a］ never got married all her life［b］ married at least twice ［c］ got divorced in 1988［d］ got divorced at least twice 39.what does the phrase “play the role” in the 5th paragraph probably mean？ ［a］ being a celebrity.［b］ being a look alike. ［c］ being an actress.［d］ playing a role in a film. 40.nancy’s comment on taylor is one of ［a］ flattery［b］ contempt［c］ appreciation［d］ depreciation part b directions： in the following text， some sentences have been removed. for questions 4145， choose the most suitable one from the list ag to fit into each of the numbered blanks. there are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the blanks.mark your answers on answer sheet 1.（10 points） americans wear black for mourning. chinese wear white. westerners think of dragons as monsters. chinese honor them as symbols of god. chinese civilization has often shown such polarities with the west， as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. 41） his findings go far toward explaining why american cultures seem so contentious and chinese cultures so passive， when compared to each other. more importantly， the research opens the way for the peoples of the east and the west to learn from each other in fundamental ways. 42）said kaiping peng， a former beijing scholar， who is now a uc berkeley assistant professor of psychology. “americans have a terrible need to find out who is right in an argument，” said peng. “the problem is that at the interpersonal level， you really don’t need to find the truth， or may be there isn’t any.” chinese people， said peng， are far more content to think that both sides have flaws and virtues， because they have a holistic awareness that life is full of contradictions. they do far less blaming of the individual than do americans， he added. in studies of interpersonal argument， for example， when subjects were asked to deal with contradictory information stemming from conflict between a mother and a daughter or a student and a school， peng found that americans were “noncompromising， blaming one side—usually the mother— for the causes of the problems， demanding changes from one side to attain a solution and offering no compromise” in dealing with the conflict. 43） in tests of scientific thinking， however， the chinese came up short. asked to determine which statement was true—whether， for instance， smoking makes people gain or lose weight—chinese respondents took the middle road， even when they believed one statement to be less true than another. 44） he believes that this tendency to find the middle way has hampered chinese efforts to seek out scientific truth through aggressive argumentation， the classic western method for forging a linear path through contradictory information， which results in identifying right and wrong answers. dialectical thinking also has a western version， which americans often consider the highest， most sophisticated form of reasoning， said peng. this type of reasoning allows people to proceed from thesis to antithesis， to synthesis.22|O!7]?Oo2: f &[转 贴 于 我 的 学 习 网 考研一方考研英语 HTtp://wwW.gzU521.coM)22|O!7]?Oo2: f & 45） ［a］in chinese folk wisdom， by comparison， people do not attempt to work through the contradictions， following a cultural tradition which holds that reality is “multilayer， unpredictable and contradictory，” and is in a constant state of change， peng said. ［b］“it can hardly be right to move to the middle when you have just read evidence for a less plausible view. yet that is what the chinese subjects did，” said peng. ［c］the chinese could learn much from western methods for determining scientific truth， and americans could profit enormously from the chinese tolerance for accepting contradictions in social and personal life. ［d］compared to this angry， blaming american stance， the chinese were paragons of compromise， finding fault on both sides and looking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle. ［e］the best way is to use both one style for science and another for relationships. maybe that will be the real benefit of multiculturalism. ［f］“they should stop blaming each other， poor people and immigrants， and talk about what we can do as a society to become more tolerant，” said peng. ［g］ now a university of california， berkeley， psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between chinese and american cultures—polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth.   |
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