directions:

　　read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into chinese. your translation must be written neatly on answer sheet 2. (10 points)disposing of computers, monitors, printers and mobile phones is a large and growing environmental problem. some 20m-50m tons of “ewaste” is produced each year, most of which ends up in the developing world. in july 2006 new rules came into force in both europe and california to oblige the industry to take responsibility for it. 46) in europe the restriction of hazardous substances(rohs) directive limits the use of many toxic materials in new electronic products sold in the european union, whereas in california mobilephone retailers must now take back and recycle old phones.

　　many technology firms are already eliminating certain chemicals and offering recycling schemes to help their customers dispose of obsolete equipment. 47) yet there is a wide variation in just how green different companies are, according to greenpeace, an environmental lobby group that launched a new ewaste campaign in august 2006. it has ranked the top mobilephone and pcmakers based on their progress in eliminaling chemicals and in taking back and recycling products.

　　the rohs rules ban products containing any more than trace amounts of lead, mercury, cadmium and other hazardous substances, including some nasty materials called brominated flameretardants(bfrs). 48) to do well in greenpeaces rankings, firms must make sure both products and production processes are free of polyvinyl chloride(pvc) and some bfrs that are not on the rohs list. greenpeace also wants companies to adopt a “precautionary principle” and avoid chemicals if their environmental impact is uncertain.

　　although not everyone agrees with greenpeaces methodology, its ranking still has some merit. nokia does well: the worlds biggest handsetmaker has already got rid of pvc from its products and will eliminate all bfrs from next year. but, greenpeace grumbles, it is not sufficiently “precautionary” in other areas. 49) dell, however, scores well in this regard and on recycling, but loses marks for not having phased out pvc and bfrs yet, though it has set a deadline for doing so.

　　perhaps the biggest surprise is the poor rating of apple. the company insists that it has a strong record in recycling and has eliminated bfrs and pvc from the main plastic parts in its products. 50) it scores badly because it has not eliminated such chemicals altogether, has not set time limits for doing so, does not provide a full list of regulated substances and is insufficiently precautionary for greenpeaces tastes. as for recycling, the 9,500 tons of electronics apple says it has recycled since 1994 is slight given the amount of equipment the firm sells, says greenpeace. alas for apple, whatever the pros and cons(advantages and disadvantages) of greenpeaces ranking criteria, consumers are likely to be influenced by it anyway.

　section ⅲ writing

　　part a

　　51. directions:

　　write a letter to the economics school of a famous university, asking for the details about the entrance test for ma.

　　you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. use “li ming” instead.

　　do not write the address.(10 points)

　　part b

　　52. directions:

　　write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following picture. in your essay, you should

　　1) describe the picture briefly,

　　2) explain its intended meaning, and then

　　3) make your comments and suggestions.

　　答案与解析：

　　model test 1

　　section ⅰ use of english

　　1. ［答案］ \[b\] imposing

　　［解析］ 由所给出的选项可知，此处需一现在分词作伴随状语，相当于次要谓语，说明“地球表面有限”与“绝对资源短缺”的关系。据此判断，［b］“强加(带来，造成)”表明这种“绝对短缺”是一种自然状况，是我们无法改变的，用在此处最恰当。

　　［a］“组／构成”，［c］“暴露；揭示”，［d］“安排；处理”，四个词的词根相同，词义各异，形成双重干扰。

　　2. ［答案］ \[a\] uses

　　［解析］ 仅从与介词“in”的搭配上看，四个选项皆可用，但据其下文看，涉及的都是资源的应用问题，故此题答案非［a］“用法；用途”莫属。

　　［b］“方法／式”，［c］“领域”，［d］“形式”，均不合文意。

　　3. ［答案］ \[d\] if

　　［解析］ 上句说明了“相对资源短缺”的一个意义。此句则解释它的另一意义：投入资源的数量是有限的，它用于制造某种产品上的数量增加，必然导致在其他应用上的减少。由此判断，［d］“如果”表示一般条件，为正确答案。

　　［a］“由于；既然”，［b］“如果……不；除非”，［c］“因为”，皆不合句意逻辑。

　　4. ［答案］ \[c\] process-&
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　　［解析］ 由上题的分析可知，此题答案应是［c］“过程”：manufacturing process 意指“制造／生产某物的过程”。

　　［a］“工厂”，［b］“公司”，［d］“程序”，皆不适用。

　　5. ［答案］ \[b\] in terms of

　　［解析］ 据句意判断，［b］“按照；就……而言”是符合句意的唯一选项。介词短语“in terms of money”修饰“the cost of a product”,意为“一产品的货币成本。”

　　［a］“关／至于”，［c］“鉴／由于”，［d］“关系到”，均不可取。

　　6. ［答案］ \[a\] to

　　［解析］ “the cost of sth.”意为“……的费用／成本”，“the cost to sb./sth.”意为“……所付出的费用／代价”。依句意此处自然应选［a］。此句句意：“一产品的货币成本不能表明社会付出的实际代价。”下句以实例对此作了进一步说明。

　　7. ［答案］ \[d\] value

　　［解析］ 此空处于表语地位，应与其主语“the true cost”相呼应，故答案非［d］“价值；(公平的)代价”莫属。

　　［a］“要价；收费”，［b］“花费；开支”，［c］“价格／钱”，皆不适用。

　　8. ［答案］ \[c\] result

　　［解析］ 将各选项分别代入句中：［a］“as a product”(作为一种产品)，［b］“as a purpose”(作为一种用途)，［c］“as a result”(作为结果；因此)，［d］“as a rule”(通常)，只有［c］符合句意：“比如，制造一架超音速喷气式飞机的实际成本，就是因此而不能建造许多学校和冰箱的代价。”

　　9. ［答案］ \[b\] abandoning

　　［解析］ 此题的前一句指出，“每项生产活动都消耗掉一部分社会可用资源”，这意味着什么呢？［b］“不得不放／舍弃”用于此处最恰当。

　　［a］“减少”，［c］“丢／抛弃”，［d］“替／取代”均不合句意。

　　10. ［答案］ \[a\] deciding

　　［解析］ 根据上一句的论断，此句提出建议，故［a］“对……作出抉择”为顺理成章的答案。

　　［b］“评价”，［c］“预测”，［d］“规划”，均不恰当。

　　11. ［答案］ \[a\] wants

　　［解析］ 动词satisfy常与needs, demand, wants 等词连用，故［a］“需要(之物)”为当然之选。

　　［b］“愿望”，［c］“前提”，［d］“设施”，皆不可取。

　　12. ［答案］ \[d\] economy

　　［解析］ “market economy”(市场经济)是常用搭配，而economy 又有“(就经济体制而言的)国家”，“经济制度”之意，因而［a］“国家”，［b］“制度”均可排除；［c］“状况”不合句意，故［d］是唯一答案。

　　13. ［答案］ \[c\] supplied

　　［解析］ 此空所需的分词修饰“the quantity”(数量)，选项中只有［c］“供应(生产)”最恰当。

　　［a］“提交”，［b］“运送；交付”，［d］“发送”，均不适用。

　　14. ［答案］ \[b\] ultimately

　　［解析］ 由句意判断，此处的“the cost”显然不同于上句末的“the cost of making it”，而是指其后果造成的代价，故［b］“最终；终极”符合句意逻辑。

　　［a］“因此”，［c］“因此；所以”，［d］“实际上”，均不能入选。

　　15. ［答案］ \[d\] enforces

　　［解析］ 此段第1句阐明了在市场经济体制下商品的制造成本与社会成本之间的连带关系。由此可见，这种关系是市场机制的突出特点。故［d］“加强；强调”用于此处最恰当。

　　［a］“制定；用公式表示”，［b］“控制；调整”，［c］“提高，增加”，均不适用。

　　16. ［答案］ \[c\] elements

　　［解析］ 由“other”可知，此处所需之词不仅指制做皮鞋所需的各种材料，还应包括投入的人工、时间等。故［c］“成分，要素”最具概括性。

　　［a］“构成部分；部件”，［b］“物质／品”，［d］“材料”，均嫌片面。

　　17. ［答案］ \[b\] inputs

　　［解析］ 与上题类似，此处同样需要一个能概括各种要素的词，故［b］“投入”为唯一答案。

　　［a］“产出”，［c］“商品”，［d］“物品”，均与句意相悖。

　　18. ［答案］ \[d\] elsewhere

　　［解析］ 据句意判断，只有［d］“在别处”，意指生产其他商品，符合逻辑。破折号后的句子对此做了具体说明。

　　［a］“无论如何”，［b］“以某种方式”，［c］“在某处”，均不适用。

　　19. ［答案］ \[a\] appraised

　　［解析］ 由后面主句中的“will be bid up”(会被抬高)判断，此处用［a］“评／估价”最恰当。［b］“有吸引力”，非及物动词不可用被动语态，［c］“赞成”，［d］“处理；对付”，皆不合句意。

　　20. ［答案］ \[d\] correspondingly

　　［解析］ 根据“if”从句的句意，此处选用［d］“相应地”最合逻辑。

　　［a］“热诚地”，［b］“一致地”，［c］“自发地”，皆不合句意逻辑。