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九、比较结构 1. rather than 97年75题when that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct 定语从句that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning 人类道德观念推理的本能 instinct本能 reasoning:推理 in action 起作用 c out of action 不起作用 in order 整齐的,处于良好状态的 out of order 次序颠倒的,出故障的 rather than 而不 参考译文:当人们产生同情心的时候,这并不是一个错误,这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用,这种本能应该受到鼓励,而不应该受到嘲笑。
i would rather die than marry you. 我宁愿死也不和你做朋友。 i would rather die to marry you. 我死也要嫁给你。
2、less...and more “与其说…不如说…”“主要是…其次…” 99年72题简单句72) interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves . validity 真实性,正确性,效度 valid:有效的,正当的,正确的 intellectual 知性的需用或使用智力的 discipline 学科;科目知识或教学的分支
参考译文: 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,(主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问/与其说是因为外部对于历史作为一门只是学科有效性的质疑,还不如说是因为历史学家自己内部的争论)。
3、more than 1、more a than b 这个句型,通常与于同一人或事物在两个不同性质或者特征上面的比较,常翻译为“与其说是b, 不如说是a” 比如:he is more a teacher than a writer. 与其说他是作家,不如说他是教师。 he is more a close friend than a boyfriend to me. 他与其说是我的男朋友不如说是我的好朋友。 2、more than…句型 a more than+数词,表示“多于…….. 以上”的意思。 we have been close friends for more than 20 years. 我们已经作了20多年的好朋友了。 2002年63题:简单句63) the role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
in evolution:在演化中。7ch"!/P(O0d58`[本文 来源 于我 的学习 网考研一方考研英语 hTTp://wWW.gZU521.cOM )7ch"!/P(O0d58` formulated 阐述;表述;解释;论证 = explain。
b more than+名词或是动词,表示“不知是,不仅仅”的意思。 he is more than a friend to her. 他对她不只是朋友。可能还有更多。 2006年50题:they may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. 参考译文:他们可能教的很好,而且也不仅仅是为了赚钱,但是他们中的大多数对于涉及道德问题的人类问题很少或是没有进行独立的思考。
c more than+形容词、副词或是分词,表示“极其,非常”的意思。 my teacher is more than strict with me. 我老师对我极其严格。 my parents are more than kind to me. 我爸妈对我非常好。
其他的一些补充: ² anyting but:根本不 i can call you anything but boyfriend. 我根本不会称你为我的男朋友。 ² nothing but:只不过是 you are nothing but my one of my friends,leave me alone. 你只不过是我的一个朋友而已,不要管我。 ² all but:几乎,差一点;除……以外其余都是 she all but accepted me as her friends. 她几乎就认我做朋友了。 ² but for:要不是 but for her help and support, i could not finish my study in the university. ² no more ... than ... 和……一样都不…… chairman mao is no more a god than we are. 毛主席和我们一样都不是神。 ² not more than i will stay here not more than 5 days. 我呆在这里不超过五天。 ² no less than 不少于,至少 there are no less than 50 person killed in the accident. 在这次事故中至少有50人丧生。
十、倒装结构的翻译方法。
要把这个倒装结构还原成正常的语序
98年的75题: odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
95年75题: for example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
they 指示代词,测试 compensate for 弥补 inequality:不公平,不平等,不相同 tell:说明,表明 underprivilieged:贫困的、物质条件差的
参考译文:例如,测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公,因此就不能说明一个物质条件很差的人,如果在更加有利的条件下成长,会有多么能干。
补充:——under-过去分词 underbudgeted 预算不足的 undercapitalized 资金不足的 undercoloured 色彩不丰富的 underdeveloped 落后的 underdressed 衣着过分简朴的 undereducated 未受过良好教育的 underemployed 就业机会不足的 underpopulated 人口稀少的 undersized 小尺寸的 |
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