第二节 语 态

被动语态常用于下列几种情况:

一、动作的执行者无需指出或不明确时

printing was introduced into europe from china.
rome was not built in a day.

二、为了强调动作的承受者

four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack.
susan was singled out for praise yesterday.

三、为了修辞的需要

he started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.
yesterdayu he visited our university and was welcomed by the president.

[提示]

1. 除及物动词外, 一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可作用被动态形式, 除个别情况外, 短语动词一般不拆开使用。

this matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.（短语）

2. 不及物动词(或相当于一个不及物动词的短语动词)和表示状态的动词(或短语动词)无被动态形式, 如happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等; 以及lack, fit, suit, equal, BECome, resemble, befall, consist of,look like等。

the story took place in 1949.

3. 将主动态形式改为被动态形式时如遇到动词后跟双宾语的情况, 我们只能将其中之一变成主语, 另一个保持不变。当直接宾语变成主语时, 保持在原位的间接宾语前需加介词to。

i gave my hasband a tie as a birthday pressent.
→my hasband was given a tie as a birthday present.
→a tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.

exercises 2 choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:

1. the professor was knowledgeable and eloquent and ___b_______ with enthusiasm.

a. was always listened b. was always listened to
c. always was listened d. always listened to

2. he returned a week later and found his house ____d______ .

a. has broken into b. was broken into
c. to be broken into d. has been broken into

3. the united kingdom _____c_____ great britain and northern ireland.

a. consisted of b. is consisted of
c. consists of d. consist[NextPage]

4. these oranges ______b____ nice. （smell feel taste主动形式可表被动）

a. are tasted b. taste
c. is tasted d. tastes

5. in 1950, she was the largest ship that ______d____ .

a. was ever built b. has ever built
c. has ever been built d. had ever been built

6. the house suddenly collapsed while it ____c______ down.

a. was pulled b. pulled
c. was being pulled d. had been pulled

7. "how do you like your new position?" "i ____b______ ."

a. don’t satisfy b. am not satisfied（状态）
c. can’t satisfy d. haven’t satisfied

8. the sixth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,
________d__ and perfected now.

a. developed b. will have been developed
c. have developed d. are being developed

9. there are more than fifty proposals ___b_______ at the conference.

a. discussed b. to be discussed
c. discussing d. having discussed

10. though newton was a great scientist, many of his ideas
________d__ today and are being modified by the work of today’s scientists.

a. are to challenge b. are challenging
c. may be challenged d. have been challenged