(三)意义连贯
文章的层次要分明,条理要清楚,上下文之间、词与词、句与句之间要上下连贯,前后呼应,才能使文章结构严谨,思路清晰、有条理。
下面这个段落是一篇文章的第三段。文章的标题是:good health;提纲是1.importance of good health;2.ways to keep fit;3.my own practice。根据第三段的提纲"我的做法",一个考生这样写:
i don t eat meat much.every morning i take the long run and in my spare time i like playing tennis and volleyball.in this way i keep good health and lead a happy life.
上段基本切题,包括提纲要点,表达也基本清楚,但是表达不够连贯。第一句话让人读起来感觉有些突然,分析第一句,作者没有把意思表达清楚,作者我吃肉不多"一定含有这样的意思:我饮食素淡,吃蔬菜水果多,吃肉少。如果能把这层意思写出来,文章的连贯性也就体现出来了。作者的第二句是从体育锻炼方面来表明自己是如何保持健康的,这应是本段中的又一层意思,在这里如能加一个过渡词,会使文章过渡自然流畅。请看下面经过修改的段落:
as for me(1),i enjoy a good health as i keep a simple diet with more vegetables,fruit and less meat.moreover,i do some exercises whenever i have time such as long distance running,playing tennis or volleyball.as a result(2),i have been a top student all through the four years in the university.so good health is important to everyone(3).
(1)发挥了承上启下的作用,没有这样一个介词短语,从第二段过渡到第三段就会显得生硬一些。(2)也起到了连贯作用,在上述两方面保持健康的方法介绍完后,应该进一步写出所产生的结果,这结果就是对全段的总结概括。(3)对文章的标题及开头起了首尾呼应的作用。
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(四)无重大语法错误
重大语法错误一般指时态不一致、主语谓语单复数形式不一致、用词不当等,这些问题的存在说明考生在平时的英语学习中很少练习写作,有人甚至从没写过作文,因而出现各种各样语法错误是可以理解的。考生应在考前多进行这方面的训练,一些语法错误在实践中是可以纠正过来的。下面举几例常见错误。
病句及其分析:
1.so colleg e provid e the best condition for students.
此句的主谓语不一致。因为句子的意思是泛指大学为学生提供了最好的学习环境,这里的主语college应变为复数。这类错误极为常见。
2.going to college does not followed that we ll have a splendid future.
此句的主语是现在分词短语,全句的意思是:上大学并不表示我们的未来就一定会光辉灿烂。does not后应跟动词原型follow。
3.second,have a part time job for poor student is a good way to help reduce his family burden.
此句中有两处错误。have a part time job不能直接作主语,可以改为不定式作主语to have a part time job,或者动名词作主语having a part time job。第二处错误是poor student。普通名词前应有冠词a或the,如前面没有冠词,名词应是复数形式。在这里可选用不定冠词,a poor student,或者poor students。在此句中为了与后半句中的his呼应将其改为a poor student为好。
4.in recent years,fake goods have been discovered more and more in the market.
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第四句是中文式的英文,这是考生作文中的常见错误。按照英语的习惯可改为more and more fake goods have been discovered in the market in recent years.
5.the first hand i think is that law must be passed to prevent fake goods from being produced.
第五句中的the first hand是错的,应改为on the one hand;i think是插入成分,在写作中应尽量不使用这样的插入成分;law前应有冠词,此句经修改后是:on the one hand,a law must be passed to prevent fake goods from being produced.

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