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考研冲刺班讲义[主讲人：周固]
一：英语知识运用 05版： the human nose is an underrated tool. humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (1) this is largely BECause, (2) animals, we stand upright. this means that our noses are (3) to perceiving those smells which float though the air, (4) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. in fact, (5), we are extremely sensitive to smells, (6) we do not generally realize it. our noses are capable of (7) human smells even when these are (8) to far below one part in one million. strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, (9) others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. this may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (10) smell receptors in the nose. these receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11) to the brain. however, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (12) can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13) to it often enough. the explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it (14) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (15) new receptors if necessary. this may (16) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. we are not (17) of the usual smell of our own house but we (18) new smells when we visit someone else’s. the brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19) for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. 1. ［a］ although ［b］ as ［c］ but ［d］ while 2. ［a］ above ［b］ unlike［c］ excluding［d］ besides 3. ［a］ limited ［b］committed ［c］dedicated ［d］confined 4. ［a］ catching ［b］ ignoring ［c］ missing ［d］ tracking 5. ［a］ anyway ［b］though ［c］ instead ［d］ therefore 6. ［a］ even if ［b］ if only ［c］ only if ［d］ as if 7. ［a］ distinguishing ［b］discovering [c]determining ［d］ detecting 8. ［a］diluted ［b］dissolved ［c］dispersed ［d］diffused 9. ［a］ when ［b］ since ［c］ for ［d］ whereas 10. ［a］ unusual［b］ particular ［c］ unique ［d］ typical 11. ［a］ signs ［b］stimuli ［c］ messages ［d］ impulses 12. ［a］ at first ［b］ at all ［c］ at large ［d］ at times 13. ［a］ subjected ［b］ left ［c］ drawn ［d］ exposed 14. ［a］ ineffective ［b］incompetent ［c］inefficient ［d］insufficient 15. ［a］ introduce ［b］ summon ［c］ trigger [d］ create 16. ［a］ still ［b］ also ［c］ otherwise［d］ nevertheless 17. ［a］ sure ［b］ sick ［c］ aware［d］ tired 18. ［a］ tolerate ［b］ repel ［c］ neglect［d］ notice 19. ［a］ available ［b］ reliable ［c］ identifiable［d］ suitable 20. ［a］ similar to ［b］ such as ［c］ along with［d］ aside from 06版： the homeless make up a growing percentage of america’s population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2 . to help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 5 everyone agrees on the number of americans who are homeless. estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 7 _the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8__ . one of the federal government’s studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 _that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 _the street. part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. and a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. many others, 14 _not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16_. boston globe reporter chris reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 _programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18_ edward zlotkowski, director of community service at bentley college in massachusetts, 19__ it, “there has to be 20__ of programs. what’s needed is a package deal.” 1. ［a］ indeed ［b］ likewise ［c］ therefore ［d］ furthermore 2. ［a］ stand ［b］ cope ［c］ approve ［d］ retain 3. ［a］ in ［b］ for ［c］ with ［d］ toward 4. ［a］ raise ［b］ add ［c］ take ［d］ keep 5. ［a］ generally ［b］ almost ［c］ hardly ［d］ not 6. ［a］ cover ［b］ change ［c］ range ［d］ differ 7. ［a］ now that ［b］ although ［c］ provided ［d］ except that 8. ［a］ inflating ［b］ expanding ［c］ increasing ［d］ extending 9. ［a］ predicts ［b］ displays ［c］ proves ［d］ discovers 10. ［a］ assist ［b］ track ［c］ sustain ［d］ dismiss 11. ［a］ hence ［b］ but ［c］ even ［d］ only 12. ［a］ lodging ［b］ shelter ［c］ dwelling ［d］ house 13. ［a］ searching ［b］ strolling ［c］ crowding ［d］ wandering 14. ［a］ when ［b］ once ［c］ while ［d］ whereas 15. ［a］ life ［b］ existence ［c］ survival ［d］ maintenance 16. ［a］ around ［b］ over ［c］ on ［d］ up 17. ［a］ complex ［b］comprehensive［c］ complementary［d］ compensating 18. ［a］ so ［b］ since ［c］ as ［d］ thus 19. ［a］ puts ［b］ interprets ［c］ assumes ［d］ makes 20. ［a］ supervision ［b］ manipulation ［c］ regulation ［d］ coordination 英译汉 05版 it is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in european history. history and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46) television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in europe. the europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. with this in mind we can begin to analyze the european television scene. (47) in europe, as elsewhere, multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. one italian example would be the berlusconi group while abroad maxwell and murdoch come to mind. clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly contested market. (48) this alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty european television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. moreover, the integration of the european community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) creating a “european identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice that of producing programs in europe for europe. this entails reducing our dependence on the north american market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. in order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. this also involves the agreements between european countries for the creation of a european bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) in dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “unity we stand, divided we fall” and if i had to choose a slogan it would be “unity in our diversity.” a unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country. 06版 is it true that the american intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? i am going to suggest that it is not true. father bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected america. but they have done more than that. they have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. it is they, not america, who have become anti-intellectual. first, the object of our study pleads for definition. what is an intellectual? (46)i shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in socratic(苏格拉底的) way about moral problems. he explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47)his function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. this definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for one. (48)i have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49)but his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. during most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics. the definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50)they may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. this description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and industrious thoughts”, as emerson would say, is something else. ——q47满分译文参考： （1） 他的功能是一个分析家，好比一个法官，他必须接受这个责任：用尽可能明显的方式揭示导致他做出决定的这个原因的过程。 （2） 他的功能类似于一个有责任和义务用尽可能明显的方式展现导致他做出决定的理性过程的法官。 （3） 他的功能与法官相似，必须以尽可能明显的方式对引导他做出判断的推理过程进行揭示为己任。 （4） 他的作用被类比为一名法官，这个法官必须以显而易见的方式尽可能接受导致他做出决定的推理过程所揭示的责任。 （5） 知识分子的职能是具有分析能力的审判官，他必须接受这样的责任，用尽可能明显的方式揭示出他得出结论的推理过程。 写作 directions：（04版） study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing. 2) interpret its meaning, and. 3) support your view with examples. you should write about 200 words neatly on answer sheet 2.(20 points) 终点又是起点 sample 1 as is shown in the picture, on arriving at the finishing line of a race on the playground, the active young man has to continue his new journey in no time instead of stopping to take a rest. he has successfully settled the puzzle of “stopping or going on” which might have confused many others. with the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps no change has characterized the past decade more dramatically that that of people’s view on their life. it is generally agreed upon that people have to adjust themselves to this new change. on the one hand, no doubt, people will gain a lot by setting new goals in their daily life. take the famous scientist thomas edison for example. he had done very well in his early life, but continued to pursue something more difficult all through his life. on the other hand, if one is obsessed with the success he has achieved, he would lose the chance to pursue new success. what’s more, he may become the slave of his success. there are many cases showing that people lose their courage to better themselves after becoming successful. to sum up, one’s view on his success determines his future. in my opinion, it is necessary to carry out a nation-wide campaign publicizing people who have a burning desire for more and ever greater achievement when they are already well known. so that people in the society will develop a forward-looking attitude and make their life worth living and the world more beautiful as well. sample 2 the drawing depicts that a boy after a long distance running, is just hitting the ending rod. there are two marks on the ground. the one after the boy marks “ending” and the one in front of the boy marks “starting”. from the drawing, we can conclude easily that “ending means another beginning”. defferent races that come one around another consist our lives. we have no choice but to face them. in college, we “run” with our classmates. in company, we “run” with our colleagues. during the race, we must always try our best for if you are lazy you will loss your position. to “run” faster and to keep up with the quick development of modern technology and our society is the principle of future society. the early you end the race, the early you can begin the next one, the more chances you may held. nowadays with the quick development of technology, we scientific college student must try to keep up with it. we shouldn’t feel satisfied with what we have achieved. developing is the first principle. the only thing we can do now is running and developing. sample 3 as is known to all people should never give up hard working. just like a drawing has told us. in the drawing, there is a runner who has reached the end, but he doesn’t stop, he is keeping on running. the runner doesn’t have a rest because of he knows the end is also the new being. defferent people, however, have different opinions on whether we should keep on running or have a rest at the end of a job. some people think we should keep on running, because the end is also the new being. in their opinion if one want to be a successor must always work hard. others think we won’t keep on running, we should take a rest. in their opinion they can’t do a pains work. to my view, i think the end is also the new being, we must do our best to keep on running, working. for example, chinese people has fight against sars for several months, and we got a stage success, but we shouldn’t have a rest, because if we don’t take care of sars and if we don’t keep on working hard, perhaps we will be ill again. as far as i am concerned, i think we should keep on running at the end because the end is always the new being, and i believe if we want to be success keep on running is both soundable and well-grounded.  |
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