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考研英语句子填空新题型介绍及对策
《2006年研究生入学统一考试英语大纲》中规定，考试试卷由分三部分组成：英语知识运用（即完形填空）、阅读理解、写作。 其中阅读理解由a、b、c三节组成，共30小题60分。 a节为四选一的普通题型，c节为英译汉，b节包含句子填空、段落排序、标题内容搭配等三个备选题型。本文将为大家重点讲讲阅读理解句子填空新题型的出题特点及应试技巧。 一、句子填空新题型大纲要求 #},A@9&r Wd#+[) [ 本 资 料 来 源 于 贵 州 学 习 网 考研一方考研英语 http://Www.gzU521.com ] #},A@9&r Wd#+[) 一篇总长度为500—600词的文章，其中有5个空白，文章后有6—7个选项，要求考生根据文章内容从这6—7选项中选择正确答案填入5个空白处（2005年已考，事后统计考生得分非常低）。该部分测试重点在于把握文章结构，主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等的理解。 二、句子填空新题型出题特点 1、出题位置 该节分为两个部分：主干部分和选项部分。主干部分的原文约600词，其中有5段空白处—空白处的位置可能在段首、段落中间、段未，但不会是文章的第一句，一般情况下也不会是最后一句。选项部分为6或7文字，每段可能是一个句子，可能是两三个短句，也有可能是完整的段落。其中5段分属于主干部分的空白处。要求考生依据自己对文章的理解从选项中选择5段文字放回到文章中相应的5段空白处。 2、选项设置特点 非等额选项（题目5道，6-7个选项）。 3、测试重点 考生需要认真搞清楚主干内容和结构上的关系和布局，从而分辨出选项部分从结构和内容上看是属于文章的哪个部分，并可以与空白处的上下文有机地衔接起来。一般情况下不可能有特别明显的词汇、句子等语言方面的提示，也并不要求考生过分关注某一具体的细节；而是要着眼于全文，在理解全文内容、文章结构、逻辑关系（如时间、地点、因果关系、从属关系等）的基础之上方能做出正确选择。 三、文章的结构及出题原则 ①描述性结构：主要介绍事物 、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点。 ②释义性结构：解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述。 ③比较性结构：把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比。 ④原因性结构：这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的。 ⑤驳斥性结构：这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点，危害性，最后阐明自己的观点。 以上文章结构的知识其实反映了选择搭配题题型的出题原则。 四、选择搭配题解题步骤 ①阅读文章题目附近的句子，锁定目标答案可能的特征。 ②阅读选择项，寻找特征词（即确定答案的线索词）。常见的特征词有：代词、专用名词、连接词、数字、复数名词等。 #QK.b9 0T Wu;-�$[ 此文转贴于我的学习网考研一方考研英语 http://www.Gzu521.com]#QK.b9 0T Wu;-�$ ③回头再去看原文，明确1—5位置。 (1)开头常是主题句，不行再看前和尾。 (2)中间不忘主题句，前瞻后望找启示。 (3)末尾常是下结论，也可排比和例子。 ④用代入法通读全文，检查答案是否合理。 五、选择搭配题的解题技巧 ①就近原则寻找信息线索。 ②选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。 ③选项中出现代词时，该选项往往不能放在首句，往往要注意指代成立的条件。 it可指代前面的单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代前面的复数名词；one指代前面的单数可数名词；that指代前面的不可数名词或句子；this指代前面的单数名词或句子。 ④绝对常是干扰项，意思太泛太窄要小心。 ⑤警惕无关离题词，两项相近有答案。 ⑥选项对比原文时，与原文重复或同义改写的字越多的往往就是选项。 ⑦总体观、相互补，做题不用按顺序，选做易后做难，莫忘近邻上下文。 ⑧放在段首的句子（段首题）的特点。 (1)当选项或某段段首会含有between…and ,either…or, not only…but also； (2)复数名词时，那么该段将是总分结构，其中提到的名词可能定是线索； (3)会有标点符号“：”或“；”； ⑨放在段尾的句子有时也会有提示词（段尾题的特点）： (1)因果连词：therefore, thus, as a result, for this reason, hence (2)总结性连词：in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word (3)转折性连词：but, nevertheless (4)主旨句(5)排比句 (6)例证句 考研英语句子填空新题型之大纲样题 以下是2006年考研英语考试大纲上提供的关于“阅读理解句子选择填空新题型大纲样题及详细解析”，各位网友应认真对待，这对你们的备考是非常有帮助！ ［directions］： in the following article, some sentences have been removed. for questions 41-45 ,choose the most suitable one from the list a-g to fit into each of the numbered blank. there are two extra choices ,which do not fit in any of the gaps .mark your answers on answer sheet 1.(10 points) long before man lived on the earth , there were fishes ,reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today ,others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now . 41) . very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. that kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land ,often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate. 42) . nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know noting. 43) . there were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. the body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom ,the other for swimming. the head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. they were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet. 7�$3*oyF5#n-'IE`9[本_文_来_源_于_我_的_学_习_网考研一方考研英语 http://Www.GZU521.Com ]7�$3*oyF5#n-'IE`9 44) . of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important .they have a shell composed of many chambers , each representing a temporary home of the animal .as the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one .thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the dorset coast . 45) . about 75 million years ago the age of reptiles was over and most of the groups died out .the mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse . many of the later mammals though now extinct ,were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings . [a]the shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known. [b]nevertheless , we know a great deal about many of them BECause their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils ,from them we can tell their size and shape ,how they walked ,the kind of food they ate . [c]the first animals with true backbones were the fishes ,first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago .about 300 million years ago the amphibians ,the animals able to live both on land and in water , appeared. they were giant ,sometimes 8 feet long ,and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam ,or layer ,or formed .the amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land ,in the sea ,and in the air . [d]the best index fossils tend to be marine creature .there animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world . [e]the earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. later forma are more complex ,and among these are the sea-lilies , relations of the star-fishes ,which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed ,or to rocks . [f]when an animal dies ,the body ,its bones ,or shell ,may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud .if the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud .more and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved . [g]many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks .remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form . ［2006年考研英语考试大纲题解］ 本篇介绍的是史前类动物。文章结构的脉络清晰：首先介绍什么是史前动物和我们研究史前动物的依据——化石，以及化石形成的过程。随后，作者即按照动物进化的顺序——我们可以见到其化石的最早的动物，水生壳类动物，脊椎类动物——逐一加以介绍。 41．文章一开始，作者告诉我们，早在人类出现以前地球上就许多物种，现在有些物种的后代依然生存，而另外一些则没有留下后裔。在本题空白处后面文章又说岩石上偶尔会留下数百万年前就死掉了的动物精确的印记。显然，空白处应该是关于岩石与灭绝了的动物之间的关系（7个选项中有a﹑b﹑e﹑g四项提到了“rock”，但另外大三项意思上不符）。此外，空白处前面的“extinct”和“no descendant”均为否定意义和表达，而空白处的后面“accurate”和“much”则为肯定意义的表达；这意味着空白处的内容应该有一个结构上的“转折—只有b项符合这一条件。所以正确答案只能是b。(注意：这道题去年的考试大纲中是段尾题，现在成了段中题，估计是打印错误。) 42．本题考查寻找特征词的能力。在该题中，根据就近原则在该题后的句子中找到“the fossils”和“water action”为特征词。“the fossils”说明“ fossils”一词是至少是第二次出现，因为它前面加了定冠词the，通过仔细观察并不难发现，42以及其前面的内容中都没有fossils，这就确定fossils一词必定出现在41，42中。根据意群相一致原则，在42中必定要与“water action”同现或复现的语言点。综上所述，只有同时满足以上两个条件的选项才是正确答案。虽然g项一开始就有“how fossils are preserved”，与上文和下文似乎都是相吻合的；但是g项后面讲的是动物遗体上的有机组织“organism”可能转达化成几种形式，而本题空白处后面的内容则告诉人们“nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action”(岩石中几乎所有的化石都是由于水作用泥沙对于化石保存下来所起的作用—与上下文相符合。 43．本题选择的特征词是“also”。“also”表并列关系，这就证明在43前面的句子中应当与also后的crab-like creatures相并列，即空白处显然有关于另一动物的内容；从本段开始，文章转向讨论由低级高级变化（进化）中的动物。e项开始的部分是“the earliest animals whose remains have been found…”，符合文章写作的顺序。b项与上文相符，但与下文不符，且与全文结构不相吻合。 44．本题选择的特征词是these以及与其具有同指关系的ammonites 和they 。通过阅读44以后的两个句子不难发现，these，ammonites ，they是指同一事物，意即有“shell”的事物。同时44后一开始就有“of these,…”,也就是说，空白部分应该有“some, several, many”或类似的词，答案只能是a。由于文中有了“the first animals”，为避免句式上的重复，作者改变句子起始的模式—这种做法很多见，因而也是考生阅读和写作中应该注意的。 45．该题目是一道简单试题，一方面这是一道段落题，这就决定了有可能选最长的选项为答案，另一方面根据就近原则在下一段首句中发现的about 75 million years ago成为我们解题的关键。从文章的整体结构看，这里需要一个内容的“高潮”：前面几段，动物都在不断的进化，而下文中“about 75 million years ago the age of reptiles was over”，这里需要有一个“交代”。只有c项符合这一条件；同时，“reptile”在本题空白处前文章中从没有提到，在下文中又没有作为新信息，因而作为正确答案的选项中一定有这个词，只有c项中有“the amphibians gave rise to the reptiles for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the sea ,and in the air”。所以正确答案只能是c。 句子填空新题型全真模拟练习篇之一 could anything be more majestic, serene or threatening than the largest bird of prey in the world, the harpy eagle, soaring above its domain? weighing nine kilograms and with a 2.2 meter wingspan, this giant of the sky glides at 65 kilometers per hour over dense brazilian rainforest. its cruel head with flaring colored crest and huge hooked beak twists constantly from side to side. it spots a monkey in treetop 2.5 kilometres away and closes in on its prey. the monkey munches on, oblivious to the threat. then the eagle strikes, plucking its prey from its perch with talons borne on legs the thickness of your wrists. 41） . the eagle caries the body back to its treetop lair. the famed and feared harpy eagle has killed again. whether this frightening creature does indeed soar like other eagles in search of prey is open to conjecture. for less in know about the harpy than any other eagle—the remoteness of its habitat sees to that. 42） . this eagle’ s extraordinary eyesight is one of its greatest assets. like many other eagles, it can see between four and eight times as much detail as can humans. 43） . the latter is an obvious requirement if prey is to be snatched at speed. it’s hard to believe that a creature so well equipped to survive could ever find itself under threat. but with huge tracts of rainforest being felled in central and south amirica, the harpy’s food sources are harder to find. the threat posed could soon be similar to that facing the harpy’s near relative, the philippines monkey-eating eagle. 44） . like this filipino cousin, the harpy eagle nests in the tops of the largest forest trees. it therefore needs an intact forest to breed. the seemingly invincible harpy is vulnerable for another reason. a mating pair is thought to produce only one eagle every two years. harpy eggs take up to 60 days to hatch and chicks take a further 60days before they learn to fly. what is more, the youngster is fed by the parents for many moths after it has learned to fly. annual breeding then is impossible. the harpy eagle does not face the same immediate threat as its filipino cousin. but if the destruction of its forest habitat continues at its present rate, the largest of avian predators, too, could join those birds already on the endangered species list. the british naturalist leslie brown wrote in 1976 that nearly half of the 59 species of eagle were under threat. 45） . [a] this acutely threatened bird was reduced in numbers to fewer than 100 in the wild by the loss of its forest habitat and by the heavy demands of trophy hunters in the philippines. [b] but it has been seen carrying monkeys, sloth and even small deer back to its nest. [c] the monkey dies instantly, pierced by the talons. [d] folklore has long held that the harpy eagle preys on human babies as well as forest animals. [e] the result is an ability to see clearly a small monkey at a distance of up to 2.5 kilometres and to judge distances with pinpoint accuracy. $J_0%@XQ? XL : t~ [此资料转贴于学习网考研一方考研英语 ]http://www.Gzu521.Com$J_0%@XQ? XL : t~ [f] the harpy is very ferocious when its nest is threatened. [g] those who appreciate nature will be hopping that the harpy can surmount this threat, to soar on over the forests of south america. ［答案详解 ］ 41. [c] 空白所在段落讲的是有关热带大雕捕杀猴子的例子，而空白句又是出现在段落中间，因此，首先可以判断出空白句的话题应该与捕杀猴子相关。空白前面的句子说大雕发起进攻，用利爪抓起猎物（猴子）；空白后面的句子却说大雕把猴子的尸体带回到自己的巢里；选项[c]说的是“被利爪刺穿的猴子顷刻间毙命了”，这正好与空白前后的句子自然地连接在一起，故选之。 42. [b] 第3段一开始说“是不是这种令人生畏的热带大雕同其他鹰类一样在飞翔过程中捕食，还是个没有定论的问题。”接着又说因为大雕的栖息地比较远。人们对大雕的了解比对其他鹰类的了解都少得多。选项[b]以but开始，表示逆前所述转折到其他内容：人们确实见过大雕把猴子、树獭甚至小鹿带回巢中。[b]在上下文中转折自然，符合文义，故选之。 43. [e] 第4段第1句话是全段的主题句，关键词是extraordinary eyesight；紧接着的句子用具体数字来说明大雕的卓越视力。第4段的段尾句，也即空白后面的句子里一个the latter肯定是指空白处句子里的后半部分内容，由此也可断定空白处的句子至少应包含两个方面的内容。选项[e]表达的内容既与段落主题句相吻合又符合结尾句的要求，可以认定为正确答案。 44. [a] 空白前的句子里用了be similar to和philippines monkey-eating eagle，表明本段内容应该与philippines monkey-eating eagle的有关情况相关。选项[a]中的this acutely threatened bird正是指前的句子出现过的鸟类，这里指菲律宾食猴鹰，符合上下文，故选之。 45. [g] 本空白处于全文结尾，所以此空的选择在顾及所处段落的中心思想之余还应该考虑全文的语气。文章最后一段先说热带大雕还没有受到菲律宾食猴鹰那样迫在眉睫的威胁。但如果森林环境以现在的速度继续毁坏下去的话，它也会和其他鸟类一样成为濒危动物的一员；随后引用博物学家的具体数据强调大雕所面临的生存危机有多么严重，由此可以推测，作者在有意地引导大家、呼唤大家注意保护森林环境、爱护动物。选取项[g]是借爱护自然的人们之口表示了作者由衷的美好愿望，符合文义，可以确定为正确答案。 句子填空新题型全真模拟练习篇之二 directions in the following article, some sentences have been removed. for questions 1--5, choose the most suitable one from the list a--g to fit into each of the numbered blank. there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (10 points) long before man lived on the earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. although some of these mammals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 1) _______________________________. very occasionally: the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color; we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. the kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate. 2) _______________________________. nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing. 3) _______________________________. there were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. the body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. the head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. they were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet. 4) _______________________________. of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. they have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. as the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the dorset coast. 5) _______________________________. about 75 million years ago the age of reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. the mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings. [a]the shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known. [b]nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. from them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate. [c]the first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. about 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. they were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer formed. the amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air. [d]the best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. these animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world. [e]the earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks. [f]when an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. if the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. more and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved. [g]many factors can influence how fossils are preserved rocks. remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, simply reduced to a more stable form. 答案：bfeac
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