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二、近形辨析和运用构词法 英语中的很多形容词和副词,如surprising(ly),surprised(ly)等,都来自它们自身的动词,如上面两个词来自做动词的surprise(vt);还有很多形容词和副词,通过前后缀的变化,又衍生出来很多词,如imaginable,imaginative,imaginary等,这样就有了很多近形词,对这些词的辨析和理解,也是正确使用形容词和副词修饰的一个很重要的内容。 例一 请回答下面这一组题 1.our attitude toward our teachers should be _____, but not slavish or superstitious.R(y=Z?xVqs% =o[本_文_来_源_于_我_的_学_习_网高考频道高考英语 http://Www.GZU521.Com ]R(y=Z?xVqs% =o a. respectable b. respected c. respective d. respectful 2. no one imagined that the apparently _____businessman was really a criminal. a. respectful b. respectable c. respective d. respected 答案d b。辨别这组形近字,可以运用构词法的知识。后缀able,“能…的”;后缀ful “be full of”的意思;后缀-ive,表示“…的”。由此知道,respectable,值得尊敬的,品行端正的;respectful有礼貌的,表示尊敬的;respective各个的;respected受尊敬的。 例二:the number of tickets _____ will be determined by the size of the stadium. a. adaptable b. acceptable c. advisable d. available 答案d。本题选项均为able后缀。因此,可以从其本词上进行辨析。available可用的, 有效的, 可得到的;acceptable 可以接受的;adaptable 能适应的;advisable,能建议的。 例三:i’m afraid this painting is not by picasso. it’s only a copy and so it’s _____. a. priceless b. invaluable c. unworthy d. worthless 答案d。worthless 无价值的, 无用的。priceless 无价(格)的, 贵重的, 无法估价的;invaluable 无法估价的, 非常宝贵的。unworthy 不值得的, 不配的; 无价值的。 例四:it is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and ___ knowledge. a. extensive b. expansive c. intensive d. expensive 答案a。从上面的几个动词可以看出几个形容词的区别,如extensive的动词为extend,指空间和时间的延长,扩展;expansive的动词为expand,膨胀。由此,可以看出extensive knowledge为广泛的知识。 例五:tom sounds very much _____in the job, but i’m not sure whether he can manage it. a. interested b. interesting c. interestingly d. interestedly 答案a。上面几个词都来自其动词interest,及物动词。(the job)interest(tom),可以看出这里要选择interested。注意不要选择interestedly,因为sounds是连系动词。 例六:comrade li dazhao, ___ librarian of beijing university, was one of the founders of the chinese communist party. a. sometimes b. sometime c. some time d. some times 答案b。sometime置于名词前,表示曾经,以前。sometimes,有时;some time,有些时间;some times,有些词。由此还要提醒同学们注意还有一些词分写与合写意义不同,如every day(可做副词)与everyday(形容词)等。 例七:in spite of the thunderstorm, the children slept _____ all night. a. densely b. soundly c. loudly d. noisily 答案b。sleep soundly熟睡。也可以说sleep heavily,sleep deeply等。[c.lU%FM0rcg7x:M [此资料转贴于学习网高考频道高考英语 ]http://www.Gzu521.Com[c.lU%FM0rcg7x:M 例八:he thought this was the first pair of shoes that had fitted him _____. a. perfectly b. justly c. fairly d. rightly 答案a。perfectly,完全地;justly公正地,正当地;rightly正确地,恰当地;fairly公正地,正当地。 三、异形异义与认知修饰搭配 高考对形容词和副词等修饰语的考查,很大比重都是异形异义词的修饰搭配问题,而要掌握好这样的搭配,就要加强听读,做到广泛认知,“水到”才能“渠成”。要特别留意自己新听到、见到的修饰结构,注意词的修饰与被修饰的积累,只有这样,在回答形容词和副词等修饰语题目时才能得心应手。 例一:having said he would mend the clock, he discovered that he had not brought the _____ tools for the job. a. concise b. correct c. right d. precise 答案c。right 适当的,恰当的;concise 简明扼要的,correct 正确的;exact 确切的。 |
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