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南开中学 段胜利 许多同学在学习复合句和特殊句式时,都会为“that”和“what”的选择而头疼, 感觉这两个连接性词语辨别起来“有点乱”。你也不妨先做一做下面几个题,看看你能否把他们分清: 2"'Su9~u3(thp/% [ 本 资 料 来 源 于 贵 州 学 习 网 高考频道高考英语 http://Www.gzU521.com ] 2"'Su9~u3(thp/% 1.a modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago. a. what b. which c. that d. where 2.BECause of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten. a. that b. which c. what d. as 3.with his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action. a. which b. that c. what d. whether 4.it is what you do rather than what you say _______ matters. a. that b. what c. which d. this 5.his plan was such a good one _________ we all aGREed to accept it. a. so b. and c. that d. as 上面5个题中的前四个题,在选项中都同时出现了what和that,如何选择呢? 第1题为答案a。考查名词从句连接代词what的运用。“十年前是一片荒地的地方建起了一座现代化的城市”。作介词in的宾语不能用that,因为名词从句中that不做任何成分;连接代词what引导一个宾语从句,“是一个什么样的地方”; 第2题为答案a。考查定词从句关系代词that的运用,“因为记忆不好,你告诉我的,我都给忘了”。句中先行词为“all”,that为关系代词,意指all,在从句中做宾语; 第3题答案为b。考查名词从句从属连词that的运用。“…他很得意自己是个干事的人。”陈述了一个事实,故选择从属连词that 第4题为答案a。考查强调句结构中的that。“it is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其他成分。” 第5题为答案c。考查结果状语从句中的从属连词that。“他的计划非常好,我们都同意接受。” 从上面的分析中,我们不难看出,“that”一词非常活跃,在定语从句、名词从句、状语从句和强调句中都有使用;而命题设项时,“what”又常常用来作为干扰,因此,要想辨清“that” 和“what”这两个词,突破复合句式的这个难点,就要注意: 一、定语从句的关系代词中没有what,因此要牢记what不会引导定语从句。 例如:2+?ij?0):+8Q[ 此文转贴于我的学习网高考频道高考英语 http://www.Gzu521.com]2+?ij?0):+8Q 1.the thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad. a.that b.all that c.all what d.which 答案为b。这里的all是先行词,而that是关系代词,在从句中做主语。许多同学将此题误选成了c。需要注意的是,c选项前面要是去掉all,则变成了what引导的名词从句,则就是对的了。 2.you can only be sure of_____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future. [2007 安徽卷] a. that; what b. what; / c. which; that d. /; that 答案为b。前一个空为名词从句连接代词what,(从句做of的宾语,what又为get的宾语),后一个空为定语从句(先行词为something,关系代词做get的宾语,关系代词省略)。 二、名词从句中同时存在that和what这两个连接性词语,可以从其语法地位和意思上来辨别。 that 引导名词性从句时,没有任何含义和语法作用,只是提示引导了名词从句;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what的意思是“什么…” 例如: 1.the mountain is no longer ____ it used to be. a. which b. that c. what d. as 答案c 。“山不是以前那个样子了”。以前“什么样”,对应了what。 2.there is much chance ____ bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. a. that b. which c. until d. if 答案a。that引导的名词从句陈述事实,说的即是前面的chance,为同位语从句。 |
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