2、课堂翻译练习与讲解                                         （75minutes）
　　　  within the earth there are roots and seeds；on the bare twigs，there are winter buds；buried in soil and mud beneath ice locked water are the turtles and frogs and dragonfly nymphs；hidden in decaying logs and under snow-covered debris are the fertilized queens of the wasps and bumblebees. everywhere，on all sides of us，as far as winter reigns，life is suspended temporarily. but it has not succumbed. it is merely dormant for the time being，merely waiting for the magic touch of spring. all the blooms of another summer，all the unfolding myriad leaves，all the lush green carpet of the grass，all the perfumes of the midsummer dusk，all the rush and glitter of the dragonfly’s wings under the august SUN—all these are inherent，looked up in the winter earth. nor is this time of suspended activity wholly wasted. scientists have discovered that，for many kinds of seeds，a period of cold is essential to their proper sprouting. they require the months of cold just as they do the days of spring.
　大地里埋着根和种子，光秃秃的嫩枝上长着冬天的蓓蕾；冰冻的泥土里埋着龟、青蛙和蜻蜓的活蛹；在朽木里，在白雪所覆盖的瓦砾下藏着受了精的黄蜂王和野蜂王。在我们周围严寒所及之处，生命都暂被抑制着，但生命并没有被窒息，仅仅是小憩，等候着春姑娘的来临。尔后，再度夏日百花盛开，千叶辉映，茂草肥绿，仲夏之夜散发着泌人的芳香。，秋阳之下蜻蜓振翅飞舞，闪闪发光。所以这一切皆为天性，今锁于冬天的大地之中。况且，这段冬眠并非完全白费，科学家们已经发现，许多种子必需经历几个月的寒冷，如同它们需要经历春天一样。
注释:
为了使译文生动活泼又符合中文表达的习惯，这一段文字需要适当地进行增译法。例如“within the earth there are roots and seeds”的译法加上“埋着”比较合适，以及下文的“长着”，并且已要维持原文的排列句序。在“all the blooms of another summer，all the unfolding myriad leaves，all the lush green carpet of the glass，all the perfumes of the midsummer dusk，all the rush and glitter of the dragonfly’ swings under the august sun—all these are inherent，locked up in the winter earth”可充分利用中文四字成语表达习惯，即言简意赅，又活泼生动，把原文的神韵表现得淋漓尽致。
the staff got right to business and conferred all day. victor henry worked with the planners，on the level below the chiefs of staff and their deputies where burkeville operated，and of course far below the summit of the president，the prime minister，and their advisers. familiar problems came up at once：excessive and contradictory requests from the british services，unreal plans，unfilled contracts，jumbled priorities，fouled communications. one cardinal point the planners hammered out fast. building new ships to replace uboat sinkings came first. no war material could be used against hitler until it had crossed the ocean. this plain truth，so simple once agreed on，ran a red line across every request，every program，every projection. steel，aluminum，rubber，valves，motors，machine tools，copper wire，all the thousand things of war，would go first to ships. this simple yardstick rapidly disclosed the poverty of the “arsenal of democracy”，and dictated-as a matter of frightening urgency-a gigantic job of building new steel mills，and plants to turn the steel into coMBAt machines and tools.
参谋人员立即开始工作，全天开会讨论。维克多。亨利与制定计划的人员一起开会，伯恩。威克就参加这一层的工作。在他们上面是参谋总长和他们的副手。再上面是总统、首相及其顾问的最高级会议。一开始就碰到了熟悉的老问题：来自英国三军数量极大，互相矛盾的要求，不现实的计划，没有兑现的合同，乱七八糟的优先照顾的要求，混乱恶劣的通讯联络。计划人员很快就确定了重点，那就是首先要制造新船以补充德国潜艇击沉的船只。战争物资如不运到大洋彼岸，就无法用来跟希特勒作战。一旦大家同意，这浅近的道理就决定了要勾掉所有其它的要求、方案、计划。钢、铝、橡胶、真空管、马达、机床、铜线，成千种战争需要的物资要首先用于造船。这个简单的（衡量标准）很快就暴露出“**阵营兵工厂”的贫困并提出必须着手进行一项巨大的、迫在眉睫的工作：建造新的钢厂和将钢制成作战车辆和武器的工厂。
注释：全文一共有八句要求翻译。第一句话采用了“扩句”法，将一整句话拆成了三句，使译文显得结构简单、意思明了。第二句话根据原文上下文局部采用了“增译”。“一开始”的添加不但符合原文，而且使得上下文的衔接更自然。第三、四句话的翻译中采用了“缩句”法，将两句话合译成一整句，且第三句的翻译中采用了“语序调整法”。文章第五句也采用了“语序调整法”，将主从句的位置做了适当变动。第六、七句基本上采用了“顺译法”。文章最后一句话的翻译中局部采用了“转化词类”法，将名词转化成动词，dictated a gigantic job 译成了“提出必须着手进行一项巨大的……”从而与原文更加贴切。

教学方法与手段：
multi-media
首先，询问学生并使之讨论对英语专业八考试中的英译汉试题的看法，以了解其对这种翻译考试的基本认识。
其次，结合例子，尽量使学生明白汉译英试题的难点与应试技巧。

思考题：英语专业考试的英译汉试题与平时积累及语感的关系

参考资料： 
1、高级英汉翻译-理论与实践 叶子南

2.当代翻译理论             刘宓庆

3. 新编汉英翻译教程        陈宏薇
4. 理解与表达              韩其顺