授课题目 第九章 增词减词法
1、增补成分(主语\谓语或释义)
2、删减成分
教学目标、要求:
使学生对增词减词法有所了解。
教学内容(包括基本内容、重点、难点)
1. 译论补充。 在翻译过程中,有时为了照顾译入语的读者(接受美学的观点),或为使译文更清楚明了,译者不得不在原文的基础上增删或重复某些词,做到增词不增义,删词不删义。为了使译文忠实表达原文的含义,也为了符合译入语的表达习惯,增词减词法主要用在两种情况:一是用卸包袱法把不清楚的语义用更多的字讲清楚,补充隐含意义;二来在译入语中为了表达简洁流畅,可删去可有可无或违背表达习惯的词语。除意义增补外,汉译英时可增补主语、连接词、介词、冠词等。 (30minutes)
2. 重点译例。 (105minutes)
asia’s strength of economic management, however, has not been its perfection, but its praGMATism and flexibility.
亚洲经济管理向来不以完美见长,而以务实和弹性取胜。
she was more royal than the royals.
她比皇家成员更有皇家气质。
you must come back before nine. period!
你必须9点前回来。没有什么可商量的余地。.
an episode of humor or kindness touches and amuses him here and there.
他不时会碰到一两件事,或幽默得逗人发笑,或是显出忠厚一面,使人感动。
when the students finished all the books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it。
学生们看完随身带的书,就打开饭盒吃起来。
she listened to me with her rounded eyes.
她睁圆眼睛听者我说话。
留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
so long as green hills remain, there will never be short of firewood.
as it is getting dark, we’d better go home.
天色已晚,我们还是早点回家好。
送君千里,终有一别。
you may see off a friend and escort him miles and miles away, but you still have to part company in the end.
the monk may run away, but the temples remain.
跑得了和尚跑不了庙。
让我们在火车站台会合吧。
let’s meet together at the train station.
三个臭皮匠,抵个诸葛亮。
three cobblers with their wits combined equal zhuge liang the master mind
教学手段与方法:
multi-media
询问学生并使之讨论增词减词法与忠实的关系。
其次,结合教材与参考书译例,使学生明白增词减词法是为了使译文更忠实原文,利于表达的地道。
思考题:如何做到增词不增义,删词不删义。
参考资料:
1、高级英汉翻译-理论与实践 叶子南
2.当代翻译理论 刘宓庆
3. 新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇
4. 理解与表达 韩其顺
授课题目 第十章 汉语虚词的译法
(及中式英语之鉴)
1、必要的成分
2、不地道的表达
教学目标、要求:
使学生对汉语虚词的译法有所了解,另外结合中式英语,了解英语的地道表达。
教学内容(包括基本内容、重点、难点)
1、 译论补充。 汉语为语义形语言,文字没有任何形式语法变化,为了表达一些英语中可借助语言形式变化或语法变化就能显示的功能,汉语中的虚词就用的较多,虽没有什么实际词义,但可用来帮助表达语气,如;之、乎、也、者、矣、焉、哉、的、了、吗、呢、啊、呀、嘛、就、还、居然、竟而、难道等。这些虚词往往附加在句子末尾,有时在句首(也包括一些名词,如:情况、情景、观点、面貌、发展、质量、事业等),在英语中很难找到相对应的词。在翻译时,有时可省略不译,有时根据具体情况,用时态、句型或增词法加以体现。 (20minutes)
2. 重点译例。 (45minutes)
说错了,没关系,大家一起研究嘛!
it doesn’t matter if you make a mistake. anyway, we’re to thrash out things together.
人家是教授,还是要尊重嘛。
professors should be respected as professors.
不这样可不行。
it just won’t do to handle it any other way.
她还在闹情绪呢。
she is still in the blue.
时间过得真快呀!转眼之间21世纪就要到了。
how time really flies! in the twinkling of an eye, the 21st century is approaching.
我还鲜明地记得和周恩来总理第一次在北京见面的情景。
i still remember clearly my first meet with premier zhou enlai in beijing.
她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后,都主动伸出援助之手。
after her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered her a helping hand.
3. 译论补充:中式英语之鉴 (20minutes)
正如虚词翻译一样,在汉译英中,常常会出现多余的词,这也算是中式英语吧。本部分探讨中式英语及其翻译对策。
所谓中式英语,因其半英半汉、不英不汉,也被称为具有汉语特色的英语。有些表达由于在汉语中司空见惯,在翻译时译者就不可避免地想要照搬,如多余的名词、动词、修饰语,以及同义堆叠、重复指称等,此外还有不地道的句子结构。
4.重点译例: (50minutes)
unnecessary words
unnecessary nouns
to accelerate the pace of economic reform 步伐
to accelerate economic reform
there have been good harvests in agriculture. 农业
there have been good harvests.
unnecessary verbs
it is impossible for us to accomplish the transformation of the whole society overnight.
it is impossible for us to transform the whole society overnight.
they should conduct a careful examination of…
they should carefully examine…
unnecessary modifiers
redundant modifiers
advance forecast female businesswoman new innovations
mutual cooperation a serious natural disaster an unfortunate tragedy
self-evident modifiers
these nine years constitute a period in which the national economic strength has increased.
in these nine years the economy has increased. 这9年是…时期
unnecessary intensifiers
i think there will definitely be genuine stability and unity.
i am certain there will be genuine stability and unity.
unnecessary qualifiers
i do not think that that part of history [ the cultural revolution], a fairly significant part of our lives for my generation, has gone with wind.
i do not think that that part of history, which for my generation was a significant part of our lives, has gone with wind.
教学手段与方法:
multi-media
询问学生并使之讨论汉语虚词与实词的关系。
其次,结合教材与参考书译例,使学生明白为了使译文更忠实原文,删减汉语虚词及使用英语地道的形式与表达的重要性。
思考题:除了已经探讨的中式英语现象,大家还见过其它什么中式英语呢?
参考资料:
1、高级英汉翻译-理论与实践 叶子南kw'V8R;r0' 8&)l5~ [此资料转贴于学习网外语园地口译笔译 ]http://www.Gzu521.Comkw'V8R;r0' 8&)l5~
2.当代翻译理论 刘宓庆
3. 新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇
4. 理解与表达 韩其顺