第四部分　阅读理解

  |d e kM6H=6Gj59$w [ 本 资 料 来 源 于 贵 州 学 习 网 外语园地职称英语 http://Www.gzU521.com ] |d e kM6H=6Gj59$w

　　i. 题型介绍
　　该部分考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力, 要求应试者阅读3篇具有一定难度级别的文章, 每篇文章300-450词。每篇文章后有5道小题，要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
　　阅读理解能力包括：
　　● 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；
　　● 了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；
　　● 利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；
　　● 既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系；
　　● 根据所读材料进行判断、推论或做出结论；
　　● 领会作者的观点、意图和态度。

　　ⅱ.考查目标
　　应试者能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解本专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。

　　iii.阅读理解文章中的重点阅读部分
　　阅读一篇文章时，要按照文章的篇章结构和延伸脉络去阅读。
　　文章脉络主要反映在以下几个方面：
　　（1）大标题
　　举例：
　　1）what is this passage （the national park service） about?
　　a. it is about the american national parks.
　　b. it is about the national park service.
　　c. it is about the national park service partnerships.
　　d. it is about the care and preservation of the national parks in america.
　　【答疑编号11040101】
　　答案：b
　　2）according to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? （new foods and new world）
　　a. food
　　b. clothing
　　c. ideology
　　d. language
　　【答疑编号11040102】
　　答案；a
　　3）when are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten? （feast on turkey and good wishes at thanksgiving）
　　a. on halloween
　　b. on thursday
　　c. on thanksgiving
　　d. on christmas day
　　【答疑编号11040103】
　　答案：c
　　（2）开头句：是文章的中心句或中心思想；
　　举例：
　　1）how many people have been found dead in the two ferry disasters?
　　a. over 130
　　b. at least 40
　　c. about 400
　　d. over 3,000
　　【答疑编号11040104】
　　原文：rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in bangladesh. the accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on april 21. hundreds more are missing or feared dead.
　　答案：a
　　2）according to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars BECause
　　a. they are not noble enough
　　b. they may kill children
　　c. they are likely to crash
　　d. they make the bike move at a low speed.
　　【答疑编号11040105】
　　原文：low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure --- or even kill --- children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars. so a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.
　　答案：b
　　（3）结尾句：是文章的结论、结果、要求、产生的影响、后果或全篇的概括。
　　举例：
　　1）the author of this passage probably aGREes that
　　a. coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.
　　b. we should not drink coffee after supper.
　　c. people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a.m.
　　d. if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately.
　　【答疑编号11040106】
　　原文：because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.
　　答案：b

　　remove
　　eliminate
　　get rid of
　　wipe out
　　2）what is the writer worrying about?
　　a. many us software specialists are working for japan.
　　b. the quality problem has become a worldwide problem.
　　c. the us will no longer be the first software player in the world.
　　d. india and japan are joining hands to compete with the us.
　　【答疑编号11040107】
　　原文：let’s hope that u.s. lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.
　　答案：c

　　take precautions to：采取措施
　　3）precautions should be taken to
　　a. prevent people from sleepwalking
　　b. keep sleepwalkers safe
　　c. avoid running into sleepwalkers
　　d. ensure the safety of people asleep
　　【答疑编号11040108】
　　原文：although occasional sleepwalking isn’t a big deal, it is important, of course, that the person is kept safe. precautions should be taken so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.
　　答案：b
　　（4）过渡信号词：
　　表示并列: and, or, nor, either…or, not only…but also, not… but
　　举例：uniformed rangers, the most visible representatives of the service, not only offer park visitors a friendly wave, a helpful answer, or a thought-provoking history lesson, but also are skilled rescuers, firefighters and dedicated resource protection professionals.
　　表示文章层次顺序：first, second, third, in addition, furthermore, moreover, then, also
　　举例：many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. but some things we do know.
　　first, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.
　　second, there is no such thing as a primitive language.
　　a third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.
　　finally, we know that language changes.
　　表示文章转折：but, though, however, yet, unfortunately
　　举例：a ride in a cable-car is one of the most exciting and enjoyable experiences a child can have. in switzerland, which is the home of the cable-car, it is used mostly to take tourists up the slop of a mountain, to a restaurant from which one can have a bird’s-eye view of the surrounding country, or to the top of a ski-run, from which, in winter, skiers glide down the snow-covered slope on skis. in singapore, however, the cable-car takes one from the summit of a hill on the main island to a low hill on sentosa, a resort island just off the southern coast.
　　表示对比：on the other hand, on the contrary, instead, in contrast, whereas
　　举例：the approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. instead, americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. students spend much time, learning how to use resource materials, libraries, statistics and computers. americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts.
　　表示比较：similarly, equally, like, equally important, in the same way
　　举例：long bus rides are like television shows. they have a beginning, a middle, and an end --- with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. the commercials are unavoidable. they happen whether you want them or not. every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. “ buy super clean toothpaste.” “ drink good’n wet root beer.” “ fill up in pacific gas.” only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the tv set off, are you spared the unending cry of “ you need it! buy it now!”
　　表示例证：for example, for instance, a case in point is, say, such as, like
　　举例：the question is no mere academic one. the case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines.
　　表示原因: for, since, as, because, owing to， due to
　　举例：northern europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the SUN because they have so little of it. residents of cities like london, copenhagen, and amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short and much of the rest of the year in the rain. this is the reason the mediterranean has always attracted them. every summer, more than 25 million people travel to mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. they all come for the same reason: sun!
　　表示结果：therefore, accordingly, as a result, so, consequently, thus
　　举例：recently the department of planning of new york issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. in 1970, 18 percent of the city’s population was foreign-born. by 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the us-born offsprings of immigrants. so immigrants and their children now form a majority of the city’s population.

　　majority
　　minority
　　表示让步: although, though, despite, in spite that, even though
　　举例：children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. at the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. the matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience indicates that early care is reasonable for infants.
　　表示总结：finally, in summary, to sum up, in conclusion, at last，in other words
　　举例：although the country’s trade deficit was more than ￡ 60 billion in 2006, uk’s largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. in fact, britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. it also trades services - accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. the government believes britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. after all, the country of shakespeare and wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. rock‘n’ roll is an english language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. in other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the british economy.