hurricane

¡¡¡¡1. did you know that before 1950 hurricanes had no names? they were simply given numbers. the first names were simply alpha, bravo, charlie, etc. but in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability factor of the storms. in 1979, realizing the sexist nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.

¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡n. v.
¡¡¡¡naming
¡¡¡¡2. predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. it moves at a typical speed of 15mph. but not always. some storms may race along at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location in the ocean for several days. it can be maddening if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.

¡¡¡¡predict
¡¡¡¡foretell
¡¡¡¡forecast

¡¡¡¡difficulty¡¡¡¡n.
¡¡¡¡difficult¡¡¡¡adj.

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blasts from the past

¡¡¡¡3. wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. he found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.p:lchop#_Fs~S1T[±¾_ÎÄ_À´_Ô´_ÓÚ_ÎÒ_µÄ_ѧ_Ï°_ÍøÍâÓïÔ°µØÖ°³ÆÓ¢Óï http://Www.GZU521.Com ]p:lchop#_Fs~S1T

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screen test

¡¡¡¡5. the researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is ¡°not very significant¡± compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. the valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.

¡¡¡¡significant important

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transport and trade

¡¡¡¡3. transport also prevents waste. much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on⁴ what is produced locally. foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. transport has raised the standard of living.

¡¡¡¡raise¡¡¡¡ v.
¡¡¡¡higher¡¡¡¡adj.

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intelligence: a changed view

¡¡¡¡4. two major findings have emerged from these researches. firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. it is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter¡¯s lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.

screen test

¡¡¡¡3. researchers at the polytechnic university of valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. after estimating the women¡¯s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.

¡¡¡¡analyze
¡¡¡¡look into
¡¡¡¡investigate
¡¡¡¡explore
¡¡¡¡5. the researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is ¡°not very significant¡± compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. the valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. £¨ screen test £©¡¡¡¡

earthquake

¡¡¡¡4. in order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.

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english and english community

¡¡¡¡4. english serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language. english has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. moreover, english is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of english./f$$?fOsWy€Mdz [´Ë×ÊÁÏתÌùÓÚѧϰÍøÍâÓïÔ°µØÖ°³ÆÓ¢Óï ]http://www.Gzu521.Com/f$$?fOsWy€Mdz

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¡¡¡¡work as
¡¡¡¡use as¡¡¡¡

transport and trade

¡¡¡¡2. the great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between britain and new zealand, for instance. quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.

screen test

¡¡¡¡2. but the medical benefits of screening on these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. also, younger women must be given higher doses of x-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
¡¡¡¡4. the mathematical model recommended by britain¡¯s national radiological protection board £¨nrpb£© predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. the model preferred by the un scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. ¡¡¡¡