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there was a real incredible racket and a little mb was being mutilated to death .the alarm was going off. so she called 911. well, about forty minutes later, the police drove up. little remained of the car by then .then streets are much noisier than before. many people complain that the noise affects not only their ability to sleep at night but for the most part their ability to work during the day. and even parents have started to complain. what is the impact on children? and there are more and more studies that show that young people in particular that are exposed to a sustained amount of loud noise have hearing loss. so, it’s a health issue. it’s a quality-of-life issue. question 16: what form of sonic pollution is this report concerned with? question 17: what will an “egg man” often do after giving a note? question 18: what do most people interviewed think of the car alarm? question 19: how can loud noise be particularly harmful to young people? question 20: which of the following statements is true according to the talk? note-taking and gap-filling everybody knows americans are big givers, but their charitable impulses keep generating surprises. consider just a few conclusions from a recent research. charitable giving plays an even larger role in the economy. then it suggested by some 260 billion dollars in annual contributions. demand from non-profit services, gets proportionally bigger, not smaller, as a locality’s income rises. but philanthropy of the wealthy may not hinge on tax incentives to the degree many believe. in one new survey, a majority of wealthy givers say they will contribute the same amount if the estate tax were abolished, these disparate studies are shedding light not just on who gives, but also on why they give, and what their actions mean to society. experts say that by understanding charity better, american can learn how to encourage more giving. the result will probably be a healthier and wealthier society. one thing that’s long been known: the u.s. beats the world in levels of charitable activity. the pattern runs from the rich, steeped in long tradition of philanthropy to the poor. those making 20,000 dollars or less a year give away more as a share of their income than do higher income groups. americans donate their time as well as money, some 150 billion dollars’ worth annually. some experts see charity as a defining trait of the us more than consumerism and business. but those forces may be intertwined 。for one thing, many non-profits, from healthcare to classical music, are selling services in the marketplace alongside for-profit rivals. by many measures they are successful. as personal incomes rise in a given county, the income of non-profits seems to rise even faster, says an associate economist at a federal reserve bank at minneapolis. they suggest that not-for-profit activities are what economists call ‘a superior good’, something people want to buy more of, or donate more to, as their incomes rise. yet ties between charitable adventures and the economy hardly end there. doctor brooks points to evidence that charity is no mere peripheral activity. it pays off a society in ways that may transcend the rates of return on many traditional investments. why? firstly, it’s not just that charity helps those on the receiving end, says brooks, an economist at syracuse university in new york. it also strengthens the cohesion of society at large. moreover, it appears to make the givers themselves more successful, possibly because the activity transforms them somewhat into better or happier people. whatever the reasons, he finds
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