exercise 19
　　during the 1980s,unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent.some countries did not _1__ enough food;basic needs in housing and clothing were not _2__.many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed countries _3__ solutions.
　　__4_,problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized countries.industry in the developed countries is highly automated and very __5_.it provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes,and highly __6_ workers are needed to _7__ and repair the equipment.these workers must be trained _8__ many countries do not have the necessary training institutions.thus,the __9_ of importing industry become higher.students must be sent abroad to _10__ vocational and professional training.__11_,just to begin training,the students must _12__ learn english,french,german,or japanese.the students then spend many years abroad,and _13__ do not return home.
　　all countries agree that science and technology _14__ be shared.the point is:countries __15_ the industrial precesses of the developed countries need to look carefully _16__ the costs,because many of these costs are _17__. students from these countries should __18_ the problem of the developed countries closely.__19_ care,they will take home not the problem of science and technology,_20__ the benefits.
　　1) a generate b raise c produce d manufacture
　　2) a answered b met c calculated d remembered
　　3) a for b without c as d about
　　4) a moreover b therefore c anyway d however
　　5) a expensive b mechanical c flourishing d complicated
　　6) a gifted b skilled c trained d versatile
　　7) a keep b maintain c retain d protect
　　8) a since b so c and d yet
　　9) a charge b price c cost d value
　　10) a accept b gain c receive d absorb
　　11) a frequently b incidentally c deliberately d eventually
　　12) a soon b quickly c immediately d first
　　13) a some b others c several d few
　　14) a might b should c would d will
　　15) a adopting b conducting c receiving d adjusting
　　16) a to b at c on d about
　　17) a opaque b secret c sealed d hidden
　　18) a tackle b learn c study d manipulate
　　19) a in b through c with d under
　　20) a except b nor c or d but
　　cbadb bbdcc adaba adccd

　　exercise 20
　　predictions of many robots in industry have yet come true.for ten years or more,manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive.the maker for _1__ robots is oversupplied now,and the driving force of the robotics revolution is _2__ to be with maker of machines that handle a few kilos at most.
　　"heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty __3_ finding customers.they are offering big __4_ just to get in the door.there has been a _5__ growth everywhere in the numbers of robots,so we admit we are either deceiving __6_ or that the market is slowly growing."said john reekie,chairman of colen robotics."the following things must happen__7_ the robotics revolution to occur.we must achieve widespread robot literacy._8__ there has been a computer __9_ program,there must be a robot literacy program.__10_,some kind of artificial intelligence needs to be _11__.
　　colen makes educational robots and machine tools.it is small _12__ with companies like asea or fujitsu fanuc. but colen with others in departments in universities such as surrey,manchester,and durham posses an advantage _13__ the giants.the big companies sell very expensive _14__ to businesses with expert knowledge in automation.the _15__ companies make robots for teaching people,and now they have realized that there is a need for small,__16_ robots that they can meet.
　　the little companies either bring their educational machines _17__ an industrial standard or design from the start.one technique that they all adopt is to choose __18_ components where possible.the major cost of making __19_ their models is the electronics,which will fall in price.there is _20__ scope for reductions in mechanical costs.the use of standard parts,which are easily replaced,should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years.
　　1) a small b educational c big d business
　　2) a claimed b called c thought d told
　　3) a to b with c over d in
　　4) a money b discounts c prices d costs
　　5) a exciting b encouraging c satisfying d disapointing
　　6) a ourselves b customers c companies d us
　　7) a to b for c in d with
　　8) a as if b even though c just as d although
　　9) a custom b literacy c poem d tradition
　　10) a however b finally c whereas d because
　　11) a capable b possible c probable d available
　　12) a compared b comparing c contrasted d contrasting
　　13) a than b above c over d from
　　14) a tools b robots c machines d electronics
　　15) a other b big c little d robot
　　16) a expensive b artificial c educational d low-cost
　　17) a up to b on c in d about
　　18) a mechanical b standard c cheap d small
　　19) a much b many c both d some
　　20) a more b less c no d least
　　cadbd abcbb dacbc dabcb

　　exercise 21
　　computer are now being pushed into school.we know that multimedia will make __1_ easy and fun.children will happily learn from __2_ characters while taught by expertly __3_ software.who needs teachers when you have got __4_ education?these expensive toys are difficult to use in the classroom and __5_ extensive teacher training.sure,kids love video games---__6_ think of you own experience:can you __7_ even one educational filmstrip of many years ago?i’ll __8_ you remember the two or three great teachers who made a __9_ in your life.
　　then there is cyberbusiness.we are promised _10__ catalog shopping---just point and click for great deals.we’ll order airline tickets _11__ the network,book restaurants and negotiate sales _12__.stores will become obsolete.so how come my local mall does more __13_ in an afternoon than the entire internet __14_ in an month?even if there were a trustworthy way to __15_ money over the internet,the network is __16_ a most essential ingredient of trade and commerce:salespeople.
　　what’s absent from this electronic wonderland?people contact.computers and networks __17_ us from one another.a network chat line is a limp __18_ for meeting friends over coffee.no interactive multimedia display comes __19_ to the excitement of a __20_ concert.this virtual reality where frustration is legion and where---in the holy names of education and progress---important aspects of human interactions are relentlessly devalued.
　　1) a schoolwork b exercise c teamwork d research
　　2) a stimulated b animated c developed d interested
　　3) a guided b prepared c tailored d sold
　　4) a computer-aided b computer-presented
　　c computer-designed d computer-developed
　　5) a promise b introduce c encourage d require
　　6) a but b just c and d therefore
　　7) a appreciate b recall c comment d produce
　　8) a recommend b guess c bet d urge
　　9) a result b mark c impression d difference
　　10) a immediate b free c versatile d instant
　　11) a over b with c by d in
　　12) a decisions b agreements c contracts d plans
　　13) a communication b commerce c business d program
　　14) a reserves b handles c subscribes d transmits
　　15) a mail b deposit c send d save
　　16) a missing b disappearing c expelling d retaining
　　17) a dismantle b confine c discriminate d isolate
　　18) a occasion b substitute c change d compromise
　　19) a near b up c close d back
　　20) a life b alive c living d live
　　abcad abcdd accbc adbbd

　　exercise 22
　　in the past,the park service focused on making the big scenic parks more __1_ and comfortable for tourists.road were paved to allow "windshield visitors" to experince the grandeur of nature without leaving their cars,and a _2__ number of hotels and grocery stores were permitted to open __3_ the park boundaries.
　　now this trend is changing.plans have been made to __4_ the parks to their natural condition as much as possible.the objective of such a move would be to secure the preservation of the parks for future generations,__5_ allowing present-day visitors to experience pure wildeness,__6_ from any obvious signs of citilization---an opportunity which is quickly disappearing in the twentieth century.__7_ plans call only __8_ a reduction in the number of cars __9_ into the parks each day,but __10_,tourists may have to leave their cars at the gates and then dither visit the park on foot__11_ use park__12_.__13_,stores and hotels may no longer be allowed within park boundaries and even the number of campground may be restricted.
　　denail national park in alaska serves as an excellent __14_ for this new type of park,one which has been changed only slightly from its __15_ state.there is only one road,unpaved in __16_,which cross __17_ denali.as car traffic is strictly limited,many visitors experience the magnificent __18_ and wildlife from a park bus.there are no hotels or stores and only seven campgrounds within denali’s 3000 square miles.this __19_ isolation offers backpackers,canoeists,and other sport enthusiasts a __20_ physical and pshchological challenge.
　　1) a possible b accessible c approachable d reachable
　　2) a large b amazing c minumum d limited
　　3) a within b inside c on d at
　　4) a recover b turn c rebuild d restore
　　5) a thus b and c while d but
　　6) a released b devoid c free d resulted
　　7) a detailed b initial c overall d long-term
　　8) a at b on c for d about
　　9) a allowed b parked c moved d headed
　　10) a then b finally c consequently d eventually
　　11) a or b and c but d may
　　12) a transportation b traffic c facilities d lot
　　13) a exceptionally b additionally c increasing d extraordinarily
　　14) a prototype b example c model d pattern
　　16) a segment b portions c divisions d sections
　　15) a original b naturall c primitivel d rude
　　17) a in b into c off d through
　　18) a scenery b scene c sight d spectacle
　　19) a comparative b relative c strict d geographical
　　20) a strange b specific c special d distinct
　　bdadc cbcad aabcb ddabc

　　exercise 23
　　all the wisdom of the ages,all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply __1_ to all of us __2_ the covers of books--- but we must know how to avail ourselves __3_ this treasure and how to get __4_ from it. the most __5_ people all over the world,are _6__ who have never discovered how _7__ it is to read good books.
　　i am very interested in people,in meeting them and __8_ about them.some of the most _9__ people i have met existed only in a writer’s imagination,then __10_ the pages of his book,and then,again,in my imagination.i have found in books new friends,new societies ,new words.
　　if i am interested in people.others are interested not so much in who __11_ in how.who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundred centuries in the futureall the way back to the first __12_ in history;how __13_ everything from the ingenious explanations of sherlock folmes __14_ the discoveries of science and ways of teaching manners to children.
　　reading can make our minds feel pleased,_15__ means that it is a little like a sport;your eagerness and knowledge and quickness __16_ you a good reader.reading is __17_ ,not because the writer is telling you something ,__18_ becuase it makes your mind work.your own imagination works together with the __19_ or even goes beyond his.your experience,__20_ his,bring you to the same or different conclusions,and you ideas develop as you understand his.
　　1) a useful b new c readable d available
　　2) a in b at c within d with
　　3) a of b with c for d in
　　4) a the more b the most c the much d the less
　　5) a lucky b fortunate c unfortunate d misfortune
　　6) a these b that c this d those
　　7) a satisfied b dissatisfied c satisfying d dissatisfying
　　8) a to find out b finding out c to find d finding
　　9) a remarkable b notorious c hostile d rude
　　10) a on b in c off d with
　　11) a like b and c or d as
　　12) a number b point c part d figure
　　13) a recovers b discovers c uncovers d cover
　　14) a to b in c until d into
　　15) a that b which c what d as
　　16) a do b convert c impose d make
　　17) a fun b funny c uninteresting d exhausting
　　18) a and b for c since d but
　　19) a the author b the author’s c the compiler d the compiler’s
　　20) a comparing with b compared with c comparing to d compared to
　　ccabc dcbaa dddab dadbb