exercise 10

　　we know we have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything.making up is also a useful practice,_1__ you shouldn’t mark up a book which isn’t yours.librarian who_2__ you books expect you to keep them clean,and you should .if you decide that i am right about the usefulness of marking books,you will have to _3__ them.
　　there are two ways in _4__ one can own a book.the first is the property right you establish by _5__ it,just as you pay for clothes and furniture. but the act of purchase is only the prelude to __6_.full ownership comes only when you have made it a _7__ of yourself,and the best way _8__ yourself a part of it is by writing in it.an illustration may make the point clear.you buy a beefsteak and transfer it __9_ the butcher’s icebox to you own.but you don’t own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you comsume it and get it _10__ your bloodstream.i am arguing that books,too,must be absored in tour bloodstream _11__ you any good.
　　there are three kinds of book owners.the first has all the standard sets and best sellers—unread,__12_.the second has a _13__ many books —few of them read__14_,most of them dipped into,but all of them as clean and shiny _15__ the day they were bought.the third has a few books or many—every one of them__16_ and dilapidated.
　　why is __17_ a book indispensable to reading?first,it keeps you awake.i mean wide_18__.in the second place,reading if it is active,is thinking,and thinking __19_ express itself in words.finally,writing helps you remember the thought you had,ot the thoughts the author _20__ .
　　1) a but b although c and d so
　　2) a borrow b borrrowed c lend d lent
　　3) a buying b buy c borrow d exchange
　　4) a which b that c what d there
　　5) a pay for b pay c paying d paying for
　　6) a possesses b possess c possession d possessions
　　7) a group b part c series d number
　　8) a to change b to make c making d changing
　　9) a from b into c to d form
　　10) a away from b out of c into d under
　　11) a having doing b doing c do d to do
　　12) a untouching b untouched c touching d touched
　　13) a great b large c big d greater
　　14) a on b aloud c through d about
　　15) a when b which c before d as
　　16) a dogearing b dogeared c to be dogeared d to dogear
　　17) a marking up b mark up c to mark up d to mark
　　18) a wake b wake up c awaking d awake
　　19) a tend to b tends to c tending to d tending
　　20) a expressing b to express c expressed d to expressing
　　acbad cbbac dbacd badbc

　　exercise 11
　　although many people speak english,they don’t pronounce it or spell the word they use the same way.the united states, in __1_ ,has its own special way of pronouncing and spelling the english language.they speak american english ,and they __2_ a lot of its special character to one man:noah webster.
　　noah webster was born in connecticut in 1758.he _3__during a period of great american patriotism.he gratuated from yale university when he was 20. the __4_ of the american revolution brought independence to the united states,but political _5__ didn’t satisfy webster.he wanted to _6__ "the king’s english" and replace it __7_ a special american language.
　　in 1783,webster published a textbook called the american spelling book.it was used by generation after __8_ of american school children .because the book had a blue back,it become famous __9_ "the blue-backed speller".
　　webster also _10__ a dictionary.it too,became very __11_ and was updated and reprinted many times.__12_ are,when you go to look up a word,you’ll _13__ the word in a new edition of noah webster’s book.
　　in his books,webster made many changes in the english used in the united states.he suggested new ways to __14_ and spell english words.he also added new american __15_ to the language.
　　webster made many other changes,most of _16__ american use today.however,webster did not go __17_ his friend benjamin franklin wanted him to.franklin wanted to __18_ all the silent letters from words;he also wanted to change the spelling of many words.had franklin written the dictionary __19_ webster,he would spell give[giv],and wrong[rong].franklin really wanted to give us our own mother tongue-but we would have _20__ it tong!
　　1) a particular b special c ordinary d extraordinary
　　2) a owing b own c owning d owe
　　3) a grows up b has been grown up c grew up d has grown up
　　4) a final b end c finish d terminal
　　5) a independence b dependence c independent d dependent
　　6) a doing away with b doing with c do away with d do with
　　7) a using b by c under d with
　　8) a a generation b generation c many years d generations
　　9) a for b by c with d as
　　10) a compiled b has compiled c was compiling d compiles
　　11) a popularity b population c popular d pollution
　　12) a opportunities b chances c opportunity d chance
　　13) a look up b look after c look for d look to
　　14) a write b learn c have pronounced d pronounce
　　15) a sentences b words c ways d means
　　16) a that b them c which d the
　　17) a as far as b as quick as c as long as d as good as
　　18) a do away with b keep c get rid of d drop
　　19) a instead of b instead c in the stead of d replace
　　20) a been spelling b read c spelled d been reading
　　adcba cdbaa cbadb cadac

　　exercise 12
　　english belongs,in a rather complicated way,to the indo-european family __1_ includes most of the european languages and a few asiatic ones. we don’t know __2_ the orginal speakers of the parent indo-european language lived.guessed about their homeland __3_ all the way from northwestern europe __4_ central asia.according to all the early _5__ ,they were a tall,blond,and warlike people,with a good __6_ of energy and intelligence.in their native land they had developed _7__ writing nor cities,so there is not much __8_ about how they lived when they were at home.but when they __9_ home and went out in __10_ of new lands,the indo-european seem to have been generally successful in _11__ the countries they came to.
　　when a wave of them _12__ a territory already crowded,they _13__ the original population._14__ they lost their distinctive appearance by intermarrying with the earlier inhabitants,and sometimes they also _15__ most of the features of their language.when a _16__ went to a more thinly-settled territory,they naturally _17__ their physical characteristics comparatively unchanged for a much longer time;and they were likely to preserve the _18__ features of their language also,though the two things did not always go together.
　　the slavic and celltic languages,__19_ indian,persian ,and some others,are of indo-euro-pean origin,but the three branchs with _20__ english is most concerned are the greek,latin,and germanic,particularly the last.
　　1) a which b whose c that d whom
　　2) a that b which c where d whose
　　3) a is ranging b range c have ranged d have been ranged
　　4) a into b towards c from d to
　　5) a records b recording c tapes d notes
　　6) a number b great c amount d deal
　　7) a either b neither c other d both
　　8) a evidence b points c understanding d knowing
　　9) a leave b would leave c left d were leaving
　　10) a search b wanting c looking d demanding
　　11) a conquer b conquering c defeat d defeating
　　12) a settled in b settled c settled down d settled to
　　13) a mix with b mixed together c mixed with d mix together
　　14) a on time b from time c by time d in time
　　15) a give in b gave in c gave up d give up
　　16) a branch b wave c group d kind
　　17) a preserve b reserve c preserved d reserved
　　18) a special b particular c distinguished d distinctive
　　19) a as well as b as good as c as well d as good
　　20) a them b which c the three branches d that
　　acbda dbaca bacdc bcdab

　　exercise 13
　　although many governments try to convince their respective subjects that atomic energy is an acceptable alternative _1__ the burning of fossil fuels,no government has taken the least trouble to explain the dangers.maybe they are __2_ them.__3_ the reason,the public must learn by experience,even though this _4__ may be catastrophic.
　　while it is true that nuclear reactors do not produce visible smoke,it is certainly not __5_ that they do not pollute.and the pollution they produce is much more insidious precisely because it is __6_.
　　__7_ inconvenient it may be for governments to publish all the facts,they have no moral excuse for not doing so,__8_ they think they are acting in our best interest.at least some of the facts are known,even though they are not widely reported.
　　nuclear reactors produce radioactive water and gases in vast _9__.what __10_ all this waste?it is __11_ concrete tanks and stored on tank farms.it is __12_ in disused salt mines.it is run into fractured rock.it is buried.it is __13_ about in special trains.but even when dumped,it has to be kept __14_ by sprinklers to stop it from boiling.and the contents of the tanks are,of course,extremely corrosive.the efforts of a fracture in the tank or a failure of the cooling system would be _15__.
　　while every effort is made to _16__ that radioactive wastes do not excape into the sea or _17__ supplies of drinking water,such a leakage would be too horrible __18_ contemplate.but even then ,governments would presumably continue to belittle the hazards.
　　it seems that __19_ governments can get away with not telling the truth,they will continue to keep silent.nevertheless the people _20__ to know the full facts.do you know what happens to the radioactive waste in your country?no?well—find out!
　　1) a for b with c to d instead of
　　2) a unaware of b aware of c unaware from d aware from
　　3) a however b whatever c whenever d wherever
　　4) a experiment b government c danger d experience
　　6) a visible b invisible c disvisible d unvisible
　　5) a unture b unreal c true d distrue
　　7) a however b whatever c whenever d wherever
　　8) a even b if even c if d even if
　　9) a numbers b quality c quantities d degree
　　10) a happens to b happen to c happened to d happening to
　　11) a put down b put into c put up d puto onto
　　12) a stored b storing c being stored d to be stored
　　13) a transporting b transport c being transported d transported
　　14) a hot b cooled c cool d to cool
　　15) a disaster b danger c a disaster d disastrous
　　16) a reassure b ensure c convince d assure
　　17) a in front of b behind c forward d into
　　18) a against b that c to d too
　　19) a as long as b as well as c as good as d as smart as
　　20) a has a right b with a right c having a right d have a right
　　cabdc badca badcd bdcad