答案与题解：

1.        d　　第二段说的是孕妇在孕期最后六个月服用ace抑制剂会给未来婴儿带来伤害，婴儿患大病的可能性几乎是其他婴儿的三倍，包括大脑和神经系统发育缺陷及心脏出现空洞等。

2.        f　　第三段说患高血压的孕妇在孕期头三个月服用其它降压药，她们的危险性并没有增加；即使服用ace抑制剂，其婴儿也只有大约9%患大病。故妊娠头三个月相对安全。

3.        a　　第四段说，ace抑制剂可以抑制一种叫ace的蛋白质，ace可以使血管变窄，而ace抑制剂则可增加血流使血压下降。

4.        c　　第五段说到，虽然目前正在妊娠动物上试验新药，但其结果也不一定可靠，因此患高血压的妊娠妇女还是要去咨询医生。

5.        d　　本题答案存在于文章的最后一句。talk with与consult with的意思相同，都是“咨询、商量”的意思。

6.        b　　第二段第一句说到，多年来医生已经知道，妇女在妊娠的后六个月不应该服用ace抑制剂。

7.        f　　第三段后半部说到，研究人员研究了大约30，000个婴儿，其中209个婴儿的母亲在妊娠的头三个月服用过ace抑制剂，但只有18个婴儿患有大病，大约占9%。

8.        a　　本题答案存在于第四段倒数第二句，该句说，这种酶(即ace)可使血管变窄。

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第四部分  阅读理解

（六篇）

bringing nanotechnology to health care for the poor

nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. these include things like beauty products¹ and dirt-resistant clothing. but one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.

last week, speakers at a program in washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. the program took place at the woodrow wilson international center for scholars. peter singer at the university of toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots² could be used to confirm cases of malaria. he says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.

in poor countries, this process is often not followed. as a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. quantum dots are particles that give off³ light when activated. researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.⁴

experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. piotr grodzinski of the national institutes of health⁵ talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. he talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. he says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.⁶

andrew maynard is chief scientist for the project on emerging nanotechnologies at the woodrow wilson center. he noted that brazil, india, china and south africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. but he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. he says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles.⁷ experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.

词汇：

nanotechnology n. 纳米技术

matter n. 物质

molecule  n. 分子

atom n. 原子

nanometer n. 纳米，毫微米( 长度单位，= 10^-9m)

one-billion n. 十亿分之一

dirt-resistant adj. 防尘的，防污的

promise n. 有希望，有前途

program n. 节目，节目单  vt. 为…编制程序  

scholar n. 学者

quantum n. 量；量子

dot n. （小）点，圆点

confirm vt. 确认；证实

case n. 病症；病例；患者

malaria n. 疟（疾）

misuse vt. 误用，滥用 /misèjuùs/ n. 误用，滥用

particle n. 颗粒，微粒；粒子

activate vt. 使激活

identify vt. 辨认

diagnose vt. 诊断（疾病）

brazil n. 巴西

nano-material n. 纳米材料

investment n. 投资；投资额

注释：

1.  beauty product：美容产品

2.  quantum dot (qd)：量子点。可取代传统染色法，成为细胞内的荧光标记物，可进行长时间、多分子、同时检测。

3.  give off：放出；发出（蒸汽、光线、烟雾、气味等）

4.  researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.  研究人员正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便如果有靶分子存在时能通过发光辨认疾病。light up点灯；发光。targeted molecule：靶分子。

5.  national institutes of health (nih)：国立卫生研究院

6.  side effect：副作用

7.  compared to larger particles如果与大一点的颗粒比较起来的话。这是一个过去分词短语，作条件状语。compare…to在美国英语也可以表示compare…with的意思。

练习：

1.  which of the following uses of nanotechnology is not mentioned in the passage?

a)     to make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.

b)      to produce better and lighter building materials.

c)     to help more accurately diagnose diseases.

d)     to help more effectively treat diseases.

2.  how can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?Dk?`A 5G,[M5 ic ( 贵州 学 习 网 外语园地职称英语 )Dk?`A 5G,[M5 ic hTTp://wWw.gZu521.cOm

a)  by traditionally looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.

b)  by letting a person take some kind of medicine.

c)  by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.

d)  by subjecting a person to an x-ray examination.

3.  how can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?

a)  by making a drug target the focus of a disease.

b)  by changing the structure of the body cells.

c)  by lowering the side effects caused by a drug.

d)  by letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.

4.  the following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology except            .

a)  china

b)  brazil

c)  iran

d)  india

5.  which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the passage?

    a)  they may cause some damage to the body cells.

    b)  they are harmful materials themselves.

    c)  they may store in the body.

    d)  they may behave differently in the body and the environment.

答案与题解：

1.  b　本题选项a在第一段第三句提到，选项c在第二段倒数第二句和第四段第一句提到，选项d则在第四段第二、三、四句提到，只有选项b全文均未提及。

2.  c　第三段最后两句说到，如果存在靶分子的话，量子点就会发光，以此辨认疾病，这正是本题答案。

3.  a　第四段全段都在讲纳米技术如何提高药物疗效，而中心就在于纳米技术能使药物对准疾病病灶（文章中实际是举已经研发的治癌药为例）从而提高药物疗效。

4.  c　第五段第二句已经说得很清楚，其中并没有iran。 

5.  d　第五段第三、四句说到，纳米材料的颗粒在体内和在体外环境中作用可能不太一样，因此可能存在某种危险性。其实言外之意还存在未知数，所以后一句才说需要更多投入以便搞清它们的危险性。

multivitamins urged for all pregnant women

a recent study in tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. and experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. the world health organization¹ estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries.

the new study took place in dar es salaam. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. the pills contained all of the vitamins in the b group along with² vitamins c and e. they also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.

the scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. a report by the scientists, from the united states and tanzania, appeared in the new england journal of medicine.³ wafaie fawzi of the harvard university school of public health⁴ led the study. none of the women in the study had h.i.v.⁵, the virus that causes aids.⁶ the scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with⁷ h.i.v. the earlier work in tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. lymphocytes increase the body’s immunity against infection.

the new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the aids virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. the rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. but the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.

词汇：

multivitamin n. 多种维生素制剂

urge v. 极力主张；强烈要求；敦促

pregnant adj. 怀孕的，妊娠的

tanzania n. 坦桑尼亚（非洲）

diabetes n. 糖尿病，多尿症

dar es salaam n. 达累斯萨拉姆（坦桑尼亚首都）

folate n. 叶酸盐

mineral n. 矿物质；无机盐  adj. 矿物质的；无机的

fetal adj. 泰的，胎儿的

lymphocyte n. 淋巴细胞

immunity n. 免疫力；免疫性

infection n. 传染，感染；传染病

placebo n. 安慰剂；安慰剂治疗

inactive adj. 无作用的

pill n. 药丸，丸剂

fetus n. 胎，胎儿

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