2008年职称英语理工类教材新增部分内容

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（两篇）

第七篇

moderate earthquake strikes england

      a moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast england on 28 april 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. several thousand people were left without power¹ in kent county². one woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.

     "it felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride³," said the woman.

     the british geological survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake⁴ struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the english channel⁵, about 8.5 miles south of dover⁶ and near the entrance to the channel tunnel⁷.

     witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.

     "i was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me," said hendrick van eck, 27, of canterbury⁸ about 60 miles southeast of london. "i then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier⁹. it felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."

     there are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in britain. the april 28 quake was the strongest in britain since 2002 when a 4. 8-magnitude quake struck the central england city of birmingham¹⁰.

     the country’s strongest earthquake took place in the north sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the richter scale¹¹. british geological survey scientist roger musson said the quake took place on 28 april in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in london and was felt in france¹². musson predicted that it was only a matter of time¹³ before another earthquake struck this part of england. however, people should not be scared too mush by this prediction, musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. this would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.

词汇：

moderate adj. 中等的

magnitude n. 值，强度量

topple  v. 倾倒，震倒

rouse   v. 唤醒

tremor n. 震动

hop v.  齐足跳起

fun-fair n. 公共露天游乐场

scale  n. 震级?@95msa =I.]G^u2$0[ 此文转贴于我的学习网外语园地职称英语 http://www.Gzu521.com]?@95msa =I.]G^u2$0

forthcoming adj. 即将来临的 evacuate  v. 疏散

geological adj. 地质的

注释:

1.       power：电力

2.       kent county：肯特郡[位于英格兰东南部]

3.       it felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride：它(地震)给人的感觉是整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动。ride 是“游乐场供人玩乐的乘坐式的活动装置”。as if 是 “好象……一样；仿佛”，例如：

           he treated me as if i were his son.

           (他待我如同他的儿子一样。)    

4.       the 4.3-magnitude quake：里氏4.3级地震

5.       english channel：英吉利海峡

6.       dover：多佛尔[英格兰东南部港市]

7.       channel tunnel：海峡隧道。channel tunnel (常简称为chunnel) 是连接英法两国的海峡隧道。

8.       canterbury：坎特伯雷[英格兰东南部城市，中世纪时曾是宗教朝圣圣地]

9.       it was getting heavier and heavier：爆裂声越来越响

10.   birmingham：伯明翰[英格兰中部城市]

11.   the richter scale：里氏震级表。美国地震学家 charles francis richter (1900-1985) 于1935年制定了地震震级表。

12.   british geological survey scientist roger musson said the quake took place on 28 april in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in london and was felt in france：英国地质勘测所的科学家 roger musson 说，这次 4 月 28 日遭遇地震的地区就是经受过袭击英国最强烈的几次大地震的同一地区，其中的一次大地震发生在1580年，那次地震蹂躏了伦敦，巴黎也能感到它的震波。

13.   a matter of time：时间问题。又如：it’s not a matter of money (这不是个钱的问题。)

练习：

1.   during the april 28 earthquake, whole england was left without power.

       a. right                b. wrong               c. not mentioned

2.   the channel tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred.

       a. right                b. wrong               c. not mentioned

3.      it was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously.

       a. right                b. wrong               c. not mentioned

4.   france and several other european countries sent their medical teams to work side by   side with the british doctors.

       a. right                b. wrong               c. not mentioned

5.    the country’s strongest earthquake took place in london .in 1580.adSx*F&4?]==Gs**[本_文_来_源_于_我_的_学_习_网外语园地职称英语 http://Www.GZU521.Com ]adSx*F&4?]==Gs**

       a. right                b. wrong               c. not mentioned

6.   musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast england sooner or later.

       a. right                b. wrong               c. not mentioned

7.       it can be inferred from the passage that england is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes.

       a. right                b. wrong               c. not mentioned

答案与题解：

1. b题句说2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格兰都停电，与短文第一段第一句表达的内容不符。短文说地震殃及英格兰东南部的肯特郡部分地区，电力中断，几千名居民无电可用。所以，题句是错误的，答案为b。

2. c本题所说的意思是：地震发生后，海峡隧道关闭了10小时。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为c。

3. a题句的意思是：地震中一个妇女的头部和颈部受了点轻伤。题句表达的意思与第一段第一句表达的内容相符。所以选项 a 是答案。

4. c题句表达的意思是：法国和其他几个欧洲国家派遣他们的医疗队去英国与当地的医生并肩工作。这一内容短文中找不到，故答案为 c。

5. b题句所说的英国最强烈的地震于1580 年发生在伦敦，这与短文表述的事实不符。短文第七段第一句明白无误地说，英国最强烈的地震于1931年发生在北海。题句表达的信息是错误的，故答案为 b。

6. a题句说 musson 预言在英格兰东南部迟早将发生另一次地震。这一说法与短文最后一段第三句所表达的意思相符。短文中说，另一次地震将袭击英格兰东南部，这只是个时间问题。所以答案是a。

7. a短文第六段第一句说，全球每年发生强度为里氏 4 级左右的地震有几千次，但是这种中等强度的地震英格兰很少发生。据此，读者可以容易地推断出，高震级的地震在英格兰就更少见了。 

第十篇

irish dolphins may have a unique dialect

     irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.

     the shannon dolphin and wildlife foundation (sdwf)¹ has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the river shannon² using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed³ near the river shannon.

     as part of a research project, student ronan hickey digitised and analysed a total of 1,882 whistles from the irish dolphins and those⁴ from the welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories⁵. of the categories, he found most⁶ were used by both sets of dolphins⁷ -- but eight were only heard from the irish dolphins.

    "we are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resting, socialising and the communications of groups with calves," project leader simon berrow said. "essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make."

    berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins’ clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. the whistles are communications. "they do a whole range of other sounds like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot," he said. "the gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. sperm whales use it to stun their prey.

    "when i first heard it i was surprised as i thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. we can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales," berrow said.

    references⁸ in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century⁹.

    they are regularly seen by passengers on the shannon ferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.

词汇：

irish adj. 爱尔兰的

socialise v. 社交，交往

dolphin  n.海豚

bottle-nose dolphin 宽吻海豚

sperm whale 巨头鲸

click n.  咔哒声，喀嚓声}^6uz]4& aZOe=q [此资料转贴于学习网外语园地职称英语 ]http://www.Gzu521.Com}^6uz]4& aZOe=q

estuary n. 河口，江口

vocalisation  n. 发声

shed n. 小屋，棚

digitalise  v. 使数字化

whistle  n. 啸声

forage  v. 搜寻（食物）

prey  n. 被捕食的动物

gunshot  n. 射击声

groan  n. 呻吟，叹息

pulse  n. 脉冲

stun  v.  击昏

注释:

1.   the shannon dolphin and wildlife foundation (sdwf): 香农海豚与野生生物基金会。

2.       the  shannon river：香农河[ 位于爱尔兰共和国的中西部]

3.       cow shed: 牛棚

4.       those 指代前半句的 whistles。

5.       ronan hickey…separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories： ronan hickey 将啸声划分为6大类32种

6.       most = most categories

7.       both sets of dolphins 是指 the irish dolphins 和 the welsh dolphins。

8.       references in local legend:：当地传说中的有关说法

9.       they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century：海豚可能早在公元 6 世纪就在香农河河口繁衍生息，resident 是形容词，意思是 “居住的”。