第一天 6.17
两篇作文:
一、analysis of an issue (perspective 观点) 分析要 evidence reasoning ,
objective
二、二者择其一
take a position and supported 立论,确定立场并支持
analysis of an argument => critique your argument 批判、批驳
要求:
1.articulately express your idea clearly and complicatedly
2.examine claims and company evidence
3.support idea with relevant examples
4.sustain a well focus coherent discussions
5.control the element of standard of english
题库:共249题
安排: 1-3讲 argument
4-6讲 issue
侧重 analytical thinking, 语言次之
4分够用,5分有竞争优势
[argument]
----策略:
1. 掌握分析技巧
2. 掌握开头和结尾的module
3. 准备每道题的提纲 (chance favors only the prepared minds)
4. 学用一些闪光句型
5. 熟读argument 题目
----审题:
论述包括: 论点claim (信号词: therefore,so,thus,consequently)
支持support ---- evidence: examples,facts,statistics,authorities
-----reasons: assumptions, values,beliefs
----验证逻辑 critique logic
survey ----quantity , quality(random) 包括 1.分组group 分为几个sub group
2.pecentage of each sub
3.select sample 取样
procedure 有没有sample 或人被排除在外
how large was the sample ?
are the statistics complete ?
different: do the statistics make a difference ? 数据重要么?
闪光句型:
1. the assumption that … is open to doubt/ unreliable /unfounded / groundless
/ unwarranted
2. the arguer commits a fallacy of …
3. the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between a and b
4. the result of the survey lacks credibility and therefore does not lend strong
support to the arguer’s assumption.
5. the arguer fails to convince us that … contribute to / lead to / result in …
6. the comparison between a and b is incomplete
7. it is possible / likely that …
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第二天 6.19
一、写作步骤:
1. skim the question and write the introduction
2. input the topic sentence. 找出问题所在,一个问题一句话
3. develop the body paragraphs one by one. 逐一展开问题段落,按重要性递
减的规律展开
4. conclusion(略)
5. checking
二、开头段的写作:
找出原论证的结论或主张,指出原论证的论据和假设,指出原论证的逻辑错误。
忠实的保留原始信息。 用自己的词保留原始信息。
in this argument / analysis, the arguer concludes / claims that…..to
support / justify the conclusion , the arguer points out / provides the evidence
that …and that… in addition , the arguer reasons (推理) that ….. this
argument suffers from several critical fallacies / flaws.
三、survey 问题:
1. vague => misleading (majority, percent, base number, few, many)
2. question: what questions will ask in the survey?
loaded questions 有误导性的问题
3. who
4. average 平均数不适合于每个成员
5. confusing causal relationship with correlation 混淆因果关系与相关性
every causal relationship implies a correlation, but the statistical correlation
does not necessarily implies a causal relation.
6. when was the survey conducted?
7. are respondents (授调查者) being forthright (直率,说真话) ?
image men / essence men
闪光句型:
1. the arguer over simplifies the issue of…
2. the arguer unfairly assumes that…
3. the arguer fails take into account other factors that …
4. the procedure of the survey might be problematic.
