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22. further evidence bearing on jamison's activities must have come to light. on the basis of previously available evidence alone, it would have been impossible to prove that jamison was a party to the fraud, and jamison's active involvement in the fraud has now been definitively established. the pattern of reasoning exhibited in the argument above most closely parallels that exhibited in which one of the following? (a) smith must not have purchased his house within the last year. he is listed as the owner of that house on the old list of property owners and anyone on the old list could not have purchased his or her property within the last year. (b) turner must not have taken her usual train to nantes today. had she done so she could not have been in nates until this afternoon but she was seen having cofiee in nantes at 11 o'clock this morning. (c) nofris must have lied when she said that she had not a authorized the investigation. there is no doubt that she did authorize it and authorizing an investigation is not something anyone is likely to have forgotten (d) waugh must have knon that last night's class was canceled waugh was in she library yesterday and it would have been impossible for anyone in the library not to have seen the cancellation notices. (e) laforte must deeply resented being passed over for promotion. he maintains otherwise, but only someone who felt badly treated would have made the kind of remark laforte made at yesterday's meeting 23. reporting on a civil war a journalist encountered evidence that refugees were starving because the govern,ent would not permit food shipments to a rebel-held area. government censors deleted all mention of the government's role in the starvation from the journalist's report which had not implicated either nature or the rebels in the starvation. the journalist concluded that it was ethically permissible to file the censored report because the journalist's news agency would precede it with the notice "cleared by government censors" which one of the following ethical criteria if valid would serve to support the yournalist's conclusion whilc placing the least constraint on the flow of reported information? 转,贴.自,D.O,C.5,2.1,资.料,分.享,网.外语园地,LSAT www.doc521.com (a) it is ethical in general to report known facts but unethical to do so while omitting other known facts if the omitted facts would substanually alter an impression of a person or instiution that would be congruent with the reported facts. (b) in a situation of conflict, it is ethical to report known facts and unethical to fail to report known facts that would tend to exonerate party to the conflict (c) in a situation of censorship, it is unethical make any report if the government represented by the censor deletes from the report material unfavorable to that government (d) it is ethical in general to report known facts but unethical to make a report in a situation of censorship if relevant facts have been deleted by the censor unless the recipient of the report is warned that censorship existed (e) although it is ethical in general to report known facts it is unethical to make a report from which a censor has deleted relevant facts unless the recipient of the report is warned that there was censorship and the reported facts do not by themselves give a misleading impression. 24. a birth is more like to be difficult when the mother is over the age of 40 than when she is younger. regardless of the mother's age, a person whose birth was difficult is more likely to be ambidextrous than is a person whose birth was not difficult. since other causes of ambidexterity are not related to the mother's age, there must be more ambidextrous people who were born to women over 40 than there are ambidextrous people who were born to younger women. the argument is most vulnerable to which one of the following criticisms? (a) it assumes what it sets out to establish (b) it overlooks the possibility that fewer children are born to women over 40 than to women under 40 (c) it fails to specify what percentage of people in the population as a whole are ambldextrous. (d) it does not state how old a child must be before its handedness can be determined (e) it neglects to explain how difficulties during birth can result in a child's ambioexterity questions 25-26 the government has no right to tax earnings from labor. taxation of this kind requires the laborer to devote a certain percentage of hours worked to earning money for the government. thus, such taxation forces the laborer to work, in part, for another's purpose. since involuntary servitude can be defined as forced work for another's purpose, just as-involuntary servitude is pernicious, so is taxing earnings from labor. 25. the argument uses which one of the following argumentative techniques? (a) deriving a general principle about the rights of individuals from a judgment concerning the obligations of governments (b) inferring what will be time case merely from a description of what once was the case (c) inferring that since two institutions are similar in one respect they are similar in another respect (d) siting the authority of an economic theory in order to justify a moral principle (e) presupposing the inevitability of a hierarchical class system in order to oppose a given economic practice 26. which one of the following is a error of reasoning committed by the argument? (a) it ignores a difference in how the idea of forced work for another's purpose applies to the two cases. (b) it does not take into account the fact that labor is taxed at different rates depending on income. (c) it mistakenly assumes that all work is taxed (d) it ignores the fact that the government also taxes income from investment (e) it treats definitions as if they were matters of subjective opinion rather than objective facts about language. |
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