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1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个: 指 人: who, whom, whose 指 物: what 既可指人又可指物: which 2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较: 疑问代词:whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? what was the directional flow of u. s. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的? 限定词: whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? what events led to most of the east of the mississippi river BEComing part of the united states? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? 说明1: 无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如: which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? what girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘? 说明2: whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如: who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首) to whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。) 说明3: 疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如: for what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体) what are you looking for? 你在找什么?(现代英语) 说明4: 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如: i can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗? much of what you say i agree with, but i cannot go all the way with you. 你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。 |
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