(a) all open political systems are factional political systems.

　　(b) all factional political systems are closed political systems.

　　(c) all closed political systems are factional political systems.

　　(d) china's political system is more open than many existing factional political systems.

　　(e) china's political system is more closed than all existing factional political systems.

　　68. since no one returns from death, we can never be certain about what passes through the mind of the dying person. for the unconscious, the confused, and the heavily sedated, these final moments are probably meaningless. however, for the mentally alert, it is quite possible that death presents itself as an unbelievably glorious experience, a flight into an entirely new universe of sensation. why should we think so? some people who have been reprieved from "certain" death at the last moment have experienced what goes through the consciousness of those who are not so fortunate. for example, parachutists who have survived falls report experiences that resemble psychedelic "trips".

　　the primary point of the argument in the passage is

　　(a) no one returns from death

　　(b) dying can be a glorious experience

　　(c) we can never know what passes through the mind of a dying person

　　(d) some people are reprieved from death at the last moment

　　(e) some people "die", yet live to report their experiences

　　69. history textbooks frequently need to be revised. the reasons for this are clear: new discoveries of documents and remains, the discovery of mistaken inferences in prior histories, the discovery of previously unnoticed relationships among data, and the application of hitherto undiscovered principles of natural science all may indicate inadequacies in current history texts. any of these considerations may require that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and more illuminating.

　　which one of the following can be inferred from the argument in the passage?

　　(a) the interpretation of historical events is affected by natural science.

　　(b) the past is constantly renewed because of illuminating reinterpretations.

　　(c) history books are outdated as soon as they are written.

　　(d) natural scientists also <i>function</i> as historians.

　　(e) historians' mistaken inferences are caused by unnoticed relationships among data.

　　70. a low-pressure weather system is approaching plainville; rainfall results from about 70 percent of such systems in the plainville area. moreover, the current season, spring, is the time of year in which thundershowers, which sometimes result from low-pressure systems, are most likely to occur in plainville.

　　knowing which one of the following, in addition to the information above, would be most useful for determine the probability that plainville will have a thundershower soon?

　　(a) the percentage of thundershowers in plainville that occur in the spring

　　(b) the percentage of spring rainfalls in plainville that are thundershowers

　　(c) the percentage of thundershowers in plainville that result from low-pressure systems

　　(d) whether low-pressure systems in other areas are associated with rainfall

　　(e) whether plainville has more or fewer thundershowers each spring than do near by towns

　　71. more than a year ago, the city announced that police would crack down on illegally parked cars and that resources would be diverted from writing speeding tickets to ticketing illegally parked cars. but no crackdown has taken place. the police chief claims that resources have had to be diverted from writing speeding tickets to coMBAting the city's staggering drug problem. yet the police are still writing as many speeding tickets as ever. therefore, the excuse about resources being tied up in fighting drug-related crime simply is not true.

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